Dataset Information

Follow-up of the air pollution and the human male-to-female ratio analysis in Sao Paulo, Brazil: a times series study.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

In order to assess if ambient air pollution in urban areas could be related to alterations in male/female ratio this study objectives to evaluate changes in ambient particulate matter (PM10) concentrations after implementation of pollution control programmes in São Paulo city and the secondary sex ratio (SRR).

Design and methods

A time series study was conducted. São Paulo's districts were stratified according to the PM10 concentrations levels and were used as a marker of overall air pollution. The male ratio was chosen to represent the secondary sex ratio (SSR=total male birth/total births). The SSR data from each area was analysed according to the time variation and PM10 concentration areas using descriptive statistics. The strength association between annual average of PM10 concentration and SSR was performed through exponential regression, and it was adopted as a statistical significance level of p<0.05.

Results

The exponential regression showed a negative and significant association between PM10 and SSR. SSR varied from 51.4% to 50.7% in São Paulo in the analysed period (2000-2007). Considering the PM10 average concentration in São Paulo city of 44.72 ?g/m(3) in the study period, the SSR decline reached almost 4.37%, equivalent to 30 934 less male births.

Conclusions

Ambient levels of PM10 are negatively associated with changes in the SSR. Therefore, we can speculate that higher levels of particulate pollution could be related to increased rates of female births.

SUBMITTER: Miraglia SG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3731748 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Follow-up of the air pollution and the human male-to-female ratio analysis in Sao Paulo, Brazil: a times series study.

Miraglia Simone Georges El Khouri SG Veras Mariana Matera MM Amato-Lourenço Luis Fernando LF Rodrigues-Silva Fernando F Saldiva Paulo Hilário Nascimento PH

BMJ open 20130726 7

<h4>Objectives</h4>In order to assess if ambient air pollution in urban areas could be related to alterations in male/female ratio this study objectives to evaluate changes in ambient particulate matter (PM10) concentrations after implementation of pollution control programmes in São Paulo city and the secondary sex ratio (SRR).<h4>Design and methods</h4>A time series study was conducted. São Paulo's districts were stratified according to the PM10 concentrations levels and were used as a marker ...[more]

PMID: 23892420

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Project description:To estimate the prevalence of one month psychotropic drug use in São Paulo, Brazil, and to assess the gap treatment between the presence of mental disorders and psychotropic drug users.A probabilistic sample of non-institutionalized individuals from the general population of São Paulo (n = 2336; turnout: 84.5%) who were 15 years or older were interviewed by a trained research staff, applying the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1 (CIDI WHO) (depression, anxiety-phobia, OCD\PTSD, alcoholism sections), and an inventory investigating psychotropic drug use during the 12-month and one-month periods immediately preceding the interview. Logistic models were fitted to investigate associations between psychotropic drug use as well as socio-demographic and clinical variables.The one month prevalence of psychotropic drug use in São Paulo was 5.89%, the most commonly used drugs were antidepressants (3.15%) and tranquilizers (2.67%). A higher consumption of psychotropic drugs (overall, antidepressants and tranquilizers) was observed among women (OR:2.42), older individuals (OR:1.04), individuals with higher levels of formal education (1.06), and individuals with a family (OR:2.29) or personal history of mental illness (OR:3.27). The main psychotropic drug prescribers were psychiatrists (41%), followed by general practitioners (30%); 60% of psychotropic drugs were obtained through a government-run dispensing program. Most individuals who obtained a positive diagnosis on the CIDI 2.1 during the previous month were not using psychotropic medication (85%). Among individuals with a diagnosis of moderate to severe depression, 67.5% were not on any pharmacological treatment.There is a change in the type of psychotropic more often used in São Paulo, from benzodiazepines to antidepressants, this event is observed in different cultures. The prevalence of use is similar to other developing countries. Most of the patients presenting a psychiatric illness in the month prior to testing were not receiving any sort of psychiatric medication. This may be explained by a failure to identify cases in primary care, which could be improved (and access to treatment could be facilitated) if professionals received more specialized training in managing cases with mental health problems.

Dataset Information

Follow-up of the air pollution and the human male-to-female ratio analysis in Sao Paulo, Brazil: a times series study.

Objectives

Design and methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Follow-up of the air pollution and the human male-to-female ratio analysis in Sao Paulo, Brazil: a times series study.

Similar Datasets

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