Dataset Information

The effects of free-air CO? enrichment (FACE) on carbon and nitrogen accumulation in grains of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

ABSTRACT: Rising atmospheric CO? concentrations will probably increase rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield but decrease grain nitrogen (GN) concentration. Grains attached to different positions in the panicles differ greatly in weight and quality, but their responses to elevated CO? (e[CO?]) are poorly understood, which limits our understanding of the mechanisms of yield enhancement and quality degradation. Thus a free-air CO? enrichment experiment was conducted to examine the effects of e[CO?] on grain mass (GM), grain carbon (GC), and GN accumulation in the spikelets attached to the upper primary rachis branch (superior spikelets; SS) and those attached to the lower secondary rachis (inferior spikelets; IS). e[CO?] stimulated the rice yield by 13% but decreased the N concentration in the panicle by 7% when averaged over two levels of N fertilizations (P < 0.01). The responses of SS and IS to e[CO?] were different particularly under higher N supply. For SS, e[CO?] decreased GN by 24% (P < 0.01) but did not affect GM. For IS, e[CO?] increased GM by 13% (P < 0.05) but GN was not affected. The reduction of GN due to e[CO?] started to appear at the beginning of grain filling. These results suggest that future [CO?] levels probably stimulate the grain growth of IS, most of which are not marketable due to limited size, at the expense of GN reduction in SS. Translocation of N from SS to IS may be a possible mechanism for reduction in GN of SS. This may degrade the grain quality of marketable rice under e[CO?].

SUBMITTER: Zhang G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3733142 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The effects of free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) on carbon and nitrogen accumulation in grains of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Zhang Guoyou G Sakai Hidemitsu H Tokida Takeshi T Usui Yasuhiro Y Zhu Chunwu C Nakamura Hirofumi H Yoshimoto Mayumi M Fukuoka Minehiko M Kobayashi Kazuhiko K Hasegawa Toshihiro T

Journal of experimental botany 20130801 11

Rising atmospheric CO₂ concentrations will probably increase rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield but decrease grain nitrogen (GN) concentration. Grains attached to different positions in the panicles differ greatly in weight and quality, but their responses to elevated CO₂ (e[CO₂]) are poorly understood, which limits our understanding of the mechanisms of yield enhancement and quality degradation. Thus a free-air CO₂ enrichment experiment was conducted to examine the effects of e[CO₂] on grain mass (GM ...[more]

PMID: 23918962

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Project description:The present study investigated the role of graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4) in alleviating cadmium (Cd)- and arsenic (As)-induced phytotoxicity to rice (Oryza sativa L.). A high-temperature pyrolysis was used to synthesize the C3N4, which was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Rice seedlings were exposed to C3N4 at 50 and 250 mg/L in half-strength Hoagland's solution amended with or without 10 mg/L Cd or As for 14 days. Both Cd and As alone resulted in 26-38% and 49-56% decreases in rice root and shoot biomass, respectively. Exposure to 250 mg/L C3N4 alone increased the root and shoot fresh biomass by 17.5% and 25.9%, respectively. Upon coexposure, Cd + C3N4 and As + C3N4 alleviated the heavy metal-induced phytotoxicity and increased the fresh weight by 26-38% and 49-56%, respectively. Further, the addition of C3N4 decreased Cd and As accumulation in the roots by 32% and 25%, respectively, whereas the metal contents in the shoots were 30% lower in the presence of C3N4. Both As and Cd also significantly altered the macronutrient (K, P, Ca, S, and Mg) and micronutrient (Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn) contents in rice, but these alterations were not evident in plants coexposed to C3N4. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis suggests that Cd significantly altered the genomic DNA of rice roots, while no difference was found in shoots. The presence of C3N4 controlled Cd and As uptake in rice by regulating transport-related genes. For example, the relative expression of the Cd transporter OsIRT1 in roots was upregulated by approximately threefold with metal exposure, but C3N4 coamendment lowered the expression. Similar results were evident in the expression of the As transporter OsNIP1;1 in roots. Overall, these findings facilitate the understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which carbon-based nanomaterials alleviate contaminant-induced phyto- and genotoxicity and may provide a new strategy for the reduction of heavy metal contamination in agriculture.

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Dataset Information

The effects of free-air CO? enrichment (FACE) on carbon and nitrogen accumulation in grains of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Publications

The effects of free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) on carbon and nitrogen accumulation in grains of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

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