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Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein repair as a therapeutic strategy in cystic fibrosis.

ABSTRACT: Recent progress in understanding the production, processing, and function of the cystic fibrosis gene product, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), has revealed new therapeutic targets to repair the mutant protein. Classification of CFTR mutations and new treatment strategies to address each will be described here.High-throughput screening and other drug discovery efforts have identified small molecules that restore activity to mutant CFTR. Compounds such as VX-770 that potentiate CFTR have demonstrated exciting results in recent clinical trials and demonstrate robust effects across several CFTR mutation classes in the laboratory. A number of novel F508del CFTR processing correctors restore protein to the cell surface and improve ion channel function in vitro and are augmented by coadministration of CFTR potentiators. Ongoing discovery efforts that target protein folding, CFTR trafficking, and cell stress have also indicated promising results. Aminoglycosides and the novel small molecule ataluren induce translational readthrough of nonsense mutations in CFTR and other genetic diseases in vitro and in vivo and have shown activity in proof of concept trials, and ataluren is now being studied in confirmatory trials.An improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the basic genetic defect in cystic fibrosis have led to new treatment strategies to repair the mutant protein.

SUBMITTER: Sloane PA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3733473 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein repair as a therapeutic strategy in cystic fibrosis.

Sloane Peter A PA Rowe Steven M SM

Current opinion in pulmonary medicine 20101101 6

<h4>Purpose of review</h4>Recent progress in understanding the production, processing, and function of the cystic fibrosis gene product, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), has revealed new therapeutic targets to repair the mutant protein. Classification of CFTR mutations and new treatment strategies to address each will be described here.<h4>Recent findings</h4>High-throughput screening and other drug discovery efforts have identified small molecules that restore act ...[more]

PMID: 20829696

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Project description:Background: Most cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that lead to protein misfolding and degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Previous studies demonstrated that PIAS4 facilitates the modification of wild-type (WT) and F508del CFTR by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-1, enhancing CFTR biogenesis by slowing immature CFTR degradation and producing increased immature CFTR band B. Methods: We evaluated two correction strategies using misfolding mutants, including the common variant, F508del. We examined the effects on mutant expression of co-expression with PIAS4 (E3 SUMO ligase), and/or the corrector, C18. To study the impact of these correction conditions, we transfected CFBE410- cells, a bronchial epithelial cell line, with a CFTR mutant plus: (1) empty vector, (2) empty vector plus overnight 5 μM C18, (3) PIAS4, and (4) PIAS4 plus C18. We assessed expression at steady state by immunoblot of CFTR band B, and if present, band C, and the corresponding C:B band ratio. The large PIAS4-induced increase in band B expression allowed us to ask whether C18 could act on the now abundant immature protein to enhance correction above the control level, as reported by the C:B ratio. Results: The data fell into three mutant CFTR categories as follows: (1) intransigent: no observable band C under any condition (i.e., C:B = 0); (2) throughput responsive: a C:B ratio less than control, but suggesting that the increased band C resulted from PIAS4-induced increases in band B production; and (3) folding responsive: a C:B ratio greater than control, reflecting C18-induced folding greater than that expected from increased throughput due to the PIAS4-induced band B level. Conclusion: These results suggest that the immature forms of CFTR folding intermediates occupy different loci within the energetic/kinetic folding landscape of CFTR. The evaluation of their properties could assist in the development of correctors that can target the more difficult-to-fold mutant conformations that occupy different sites within the CFTR folding pathway.

Dataset Information

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein repair as a therapeutic strategy in cystic fibrosis.

Publications

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein repair as a therapeutic strategy in cystic fibrosis.

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