Dataset Information

Age, period and cohort effects on adult body mass index and overweight from 1991 to 2009 in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Contributions of age-period-cohort effects to increases in BMI and overweight among Chinese adults must be resolved in order to design appropriate interventions. The objectives were to (i) describe the period effect on BMI and overweight among Chinese adults from 1991 to 2009 and assess modification of this effect by age (e.g. cohort effect) and gender, and (ii) quantify the influence of household income and community urbanicity on these effects.

Methods

Data are from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, a prospective sample across nine provinces in China; 53,298 observations from 18,059 participants were collected over a 19-year period. A series of mixed effects models was used to explicitly assess differences in BMI within individuals over time (age effect) and population-wide differences in BMI over time (period effect), and implicitly assess differences in the experienced period effect across individuals of varying ages (cohort effect).

Results

Stronger period effects on BMI and overweight were observed among males compared with females; and younger cohorts had higher BMIs compared with older cohorts. Simulations predicted that increases in income and urbanicity in the order of magnitude of that observed from 1991 to 2009 would correspond to shifts in the BMIs of average individuals of 0.07 and 0.23 kg/m(2), respectively.

Conclusions

Although period effects had a stronger influence on the BMI of males, interventions should not overlook younger female cohorts who are at increased risk compared with their older counterparts.

SUBMITTER: Jaacks LM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3733700 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Age, period and cohort effects on adult body mass index and overweight from 1991 to 2009 in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Jaacks Lindsay M LM Gordon-Larsen Penny P Mayer-Davis Elizabeth J EJ Adair Linda S LS Popkin Barry B

International journal of epidemiology 20130614 3

<h4>Background</h4>Contributions of age-period-cohort effects to increases in BMI and overweight among Chinese adults must be resolved in order to design appropriate interventions. The objectives were to (i) describe the period effect on BMI and overweight among Chinese adults from 1991 to 2009 and assess modification of this effect by age (e.g. cohort effect) and gender, and (ii) quantify the influence of household income and community urbanicity on these effects.<h4>Methods</h4>Data are from t ...[more]

PMID: 23771721

Similar Datasets

Project description:BACKGROUND:The inverse association between physical activity and body fat percentage (%) varies among different populations. We aim to examine whether the significant association between them was uniform across the subpopulations after taking into account body mass index (BMI). METHODS:Our study relied on data from China Health and Nutrition Surveys in 2015, including 5763 participants aged 40-64?years from 15 regions. Physical activity was calculated as metabolic equivalent task hours per day (MET·h/d). Body fat% was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Body mass index <?24?kg/m2 was defined as normal weight and BMI???24?kg/m2 was overweight/obese. The effects of physical activity on body fat% were estimated using the Kruskal-Wallis test among sex, age, BMI groups, education, income, region and urbanization. Quantile regression analyses were utilized to describe the relationship between physical activity and body fat% distribution. RESULTS:Older adults, overweight/obese, higher education, higher income, residents of central China and those living in areas of higher urbanization had the lower physical activity. Participants who engaged in the highest level of physical activity had 2.0 and 1.5% lower body fat% than the lowest level of physical activity group (23.4, 34.8%) for men and women, respectively. There were 10.4 and 8.8% of normal weight males and females called normal weight obese. Overall, 1 h extra 4.5 MET•h/d was significantly associated with 0.079 and 0.110% less total body fat% at the 75th and 90th percentiles in normal weight males, with 0.071% less at the 25th percentiles in overweight/obese males, with 0.046-0.098% less at the 25th to 90th percentiles in normal weight females, and with 0.035-0.037% less from the 50th to 90th percentiles in overweight/obese females. The inverse association between physical activity and total body fat% was stronger in normal weight obese participants than other subgroups. CONCLUSIONS:In middle-aged Chinese adults, the inverse association between physical activity and body fat% was only in particular subpopulations rather than the entire population. We should pay much attention to normal weight obese and give a suitable physical activity guideline taking into account people with different body fat%.

Project description:BackgroundThe majority of obese children lives in developing countries. The ten-fold increase in obesity during the last four decades necessitates the implementation of interventions to mitigate the longterm effect of obesity into adulthood. The study aimed to determine the impact of physical activity and nutrition intervention on the body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and selected biochemical factors of overweight and obese children aged 13.0 to 16.1 years from eThekweni, South Africa.MethodsParticipants (N = 41) with a BMI >85th percentile were included in the 10-week controlled trial of physical activity and nutrition education intervention. Baseline and end measurements included BMI, blood pressure, and fasting biochemical variables (glucose, cholesterol, insulin resistance and alanine aminotransferase). BMI was classified according to the WHO BMI z-scores. The 10-week intervention entailed combined aerobic and resistance exercises supervised twice a week together with a once a week nutrition intervention. Participants performed additional unsupervised aerobic exercises three times a week.FindingsElevated systolic blood pressure (52%), low-density lipoprotein levels (29%), insulin (17%) and insulin resistance values (15%) were identified. The 10-week intervention programme significantly decreased BMI (30.8 ± 5.4 kg/m2 to 29.8 ± 5.7 kg/m2; p < 0.01), systolic blood pressure (125.9 ± 15.7 mmHg to 115.2 ± 12.4 mmHg; p < 0.05), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.63 mmol/L to 2.37 mmol/L; p < 0.05). Controlling for pre-testing variables as covariates, additional ANCOVA analysis highlighted significantly lower BMI (M = 28.33, F = 7.88, p < 0.05) and BMI z-scores (M = 2.08, F = 4.99, p < 0.05) in the intervention group post-testing.ConclusionA 10-week physical activity and nutrition education intervention in overweight and obese adolescents significantly reduced BMI and showed trends of a decrease in blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Dataset Information

Age, period and cohort effects on adult body mass index and overweight from 1991 to 2009 in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Age, period and cohort effects on adult body mass index and overweight from 1991 to 2009 in China: the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

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