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Genetic variants influencing biomarkers of nutrition are not associated with cognitive capability in middle-aged and older adults.

ABSTRACT: Several investigations have observed positive associations between good nutritional status, as indicated by micronutrients, and cognitive measures; however, these associations may not be causal. Genetic polymorphisms that affect nutritional biomarkers may be useful for providing evidence for associations between micronutrients and cognitive measures. As part of the Healthy Ageing across the Life Course (HALCyon) program, men and women aged between 44 and 90 y from 6 UK cohorts were genotyped for polymorphisms associated with circulating concentrations of iron [rs4820268 transmembrane protease, serine 6 (TMPRSS6) and rs1800562 hemochromatosis (HFE)], vitamin B-12 [(rs492602 fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2)], vitamin D ([rs2282679 group-specific component (GC)] and ?-carotene ([rs6564851 beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1)]. Meta-analysis was used to pool within-study effects of the associations between these polymorphisms and the following measures of cognitive capability: word recall, phonemic fluency, semantic fluency, and search speed. Among the several statistical tests conducted, we found little evidence for associations. We found the minor allele of rs1800562 was associated with poorer word recall scores [pooled ? on Z-score for carriers vs. noncarriers: -0.05 (95% CI: -0.09, -0.004); P = 0.03, n = 14,105] and poorer word recall scores for the vitamin D-raising allele of rs2282679 [pooled ? per T allele: -0.03 (95% CI: -0.05, -0.003); P = 0.03, n = 16,527]. However, there was no evidence for other associations. Our findings provide little evidence to support associations between these genotypes and cognitive capability in older adults. Further investigations are required to elucidate whether the previous positive associations from observational studies between circulating measures of these micronutrients and cognitive performance are due to confounding and reverse causality.

SUBMITTER: Alfred T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3738233 | biostudies-literature | 2013 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Genetic variants influencing biomarkers of nutrition are not associated with cognitive capability in middle-aged and older adults.

Alfred Tamuno T Ben-Shlomo Yoav Y Cooper Rachel R Hardy Rebecca R Deary Ian J IJ Elliott Jane J Harris Sarah E SE Hyppönen Elina E Kivimaki Mika M Kumari Meena M Maddock Jane J Power Chris C Starr John M JM Kuh Diana D Day Ian N M IN

The Journal of nutrition 20130306 5

Several investigations have observed positive associations between good nutritional status, as indicated by micronutrients, and cognitive measures; however, these associations may not be causal. Genetic polymorphisms that affect nutritional biomarkers may be useful for providing evidence for associations between micronutrients and cognitive measures. As part of the Healthy Ageing across the Life Course (HALCyon) program, men and women aged between 44 and 90 y from 6 UK cohorts were genotyped for ...[more]

PMID: 23468552

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Project description:OBJECTIVES:To describe aerobic physical activity among middle-aged and older adults by their self-reported cognitive decline and their receipt of informal care for declines in cognitive functioning and most common type of physical activity. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study using data from the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. SETTING:Landline and cellular telephone survey. PARTICIPANTS:93,082 respondents aged 45 years and older from 21 US states in 2011. MEASUREMENTS:Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) was defined as experiencing confusion or memory loss that was happening more often or getting worse during the past 12 months. Regular care was defined as always, usually, or sometimes receiving care from family or friends because of SCD. Using the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, respondents were classified as being inactive, insufficiently active, or sufficiently active based on their reported aerobic exercise. We calculated weighted proportions and used chi-square tests for differences across categories by SCD status and receipt of care. We estimated the prevalence ratio (PR) for being inactive, insufficiently active, and sufficiently active using separate log-binomial regression models, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS:12.3% of respondents reported SCD and 23.1% of those with SCD received regular care. 29.6% (95%CI: 28.9-30.4) of respondents without SCD were inactive compared to 37.1% (95%CI: 34.7-39.5) of those with SCD who did not receive regular care and 50.2% (95%CI: 45.2-55.1) of those with SCD who received regular care. 52.4% (95%CI: 51.6-53.2) of respondents without SCD were sufficiently active compared to 46.4% (95%CI: 43.8-49.0) of respondents with SCD and received no regular care and 30.6% (95%CI: 26.1-35.6) of respondents with SCD who received regular care. After adjusting for demographic and health status differences, people receiving regular care for SCD had a significantly lower prevalence of meeting aerobic guidelines compared to people without SCD (PR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.69-0.93, p=0.005). The most prevalent physical activity was walking for adults aged ? 45 years old (41-52%) regardless of SCD status or receipt of care. CONCLUSION:Overall, the prevalence of inactivity was high, especially among people with SCD. These findings suggest a need to increase activity among middle-aged and older adults, particularly those with SCD who receive care. Examining ways to increase walking, potentially by involving informal caregivers, could be a promising way for people with SCD to reduce inactivity and gain the health benefits associated with meeting physical activity guidelines.

Project description:BackgroundAntidepressant use has been associated with increased fall risk. Antidepressant-related adverse drug reactions (e.g. orthostatic hypotension) depend partly on genetic variation. We hypothesized that candidate genetic polymorphisms are associated with fall risk in older antidepressant users.MethodsThe association between antidepressant use and falls was cross-sectionally investigated in a cohort of Dutch older adults by logistic regression analyses. In case of significant interaction product term of antidepressant use and candidate polymorphism, the association between the variant genotype and fall risk was assessed within antidepressant users and the association between antidepressant use and fall risk was investigated stratified per genotype. Secondly, a look-up of the candidate genes was performed in an existing genome-wide association study on drug-related falls in antidepressant users within the UK Biobank. In antidepressant users, genetic associations for our candidate polymorphisms for fall history were investigated.ResultsIn antidepressant users(n = 566), for rs28371725 (CYP2D6*41) fall risk was decreased in TC/variant allele carriers compared to CC/non-variant allele carriers (OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.26-0.80). Concerning rs1057910 (CYP2C9*3), fall risk was increased in CA/variant allele carriers compared to AA/non-variant allele carriers (OR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.17-3.27). Regarding, rs1045642 (ABCB1), fall risk was increased in AG/variant allele carriers compared to GG/non-variant allele carriers (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.07-2.69). Concerning the ABCB1-haplotype (rs1045642/rs1128503), fall risk was increased in AA-AA/variant allele carriers compared to GG-GG/non-variant allele carriers (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 1.05-3.29). In the UK Biobank, in antidepressant users(n = 34,000) T/variant-allele of rs28371725 (CYP2D*41) was associated with increased fall risk (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.12). G/non-variant-allele of rs4244285 (CY2C19*2) was associated with decreased risk (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.92-1.00).ConclusionThis is the first study showing that certain genetic variants modify antidepressant-related fall risk. The results were not always consistent across the studies and should be validated in a study with a prospective design. However, pharmacogenetics might have value in antidepressant (de)prescribing in falls prevention.

Project description:Neighborhood greenness has been linked to better cardiovascular health, but little is known about its association with biomarkers related to cardiovascular risk. Adverse neighborhood conditions, such as disorder and socioeconomic disadvantage, are associated with higher cardiovascular biomarker levels, but these relationships may differ in neighborhoods with more greenness. This study evaluated cross-sectional associations of validated measures of neighborhood greenness, disorder, and socioeconomic disadvantage with cardiovascular biomarkers in middle-aged and older adults living in Baltimore City. The sample included 500 adults, aged 57-79 years, enrolled in the Baltimore Memory Study and living in Baltimore City during 2009-2010. Multi-level log-gamma regressions examined associations between the three neighborhood characteristics and seven cardiovascular biomarkers. Models additionally evaluated the effect modification by neighborhood greenness on associations of neighborhood disorder and socioeconomic disadvantage with the biomarkers. Adjusting for covariates and neighborhood greenness, greater neighborhood disorder was associated with higher C-reactive protein (exp β = 1.21, SE = 0.11, p = 0.035) and serum amyloid A (exp β = 1.28, SE = 0.12, p = 0.008), while greater neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with higher tumor necrosis factor alpha (exp β = 1.24, SE = 0.12, p = 0.019). Higher neighborhood greenness was associated with lower soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, accounting for disorder (exp β = 0.70, SE = 0.10, p = 0.010) and socioeconomic disadvantage (exp β = 0.73, SE = 0.10, p = 0.025). There was no evidence of effect modification among neighborhood characteristics. The findings suggest that neighborhood effects on cardiovascular health may be mediated through cardiovascular biomarker levels, and that socioeconomic disadvantage, disorder, and greenness may each be important features of neighborhoods.

Project description:BackgroundTo promote healthy aging, the support of digital mobile health tools such as mobile applications (apps) addressing a healthy diet or physical activity appears promising, particularly when initiated before entering old age. For such tools to be effective, middle-aged and older adults' acceptance need to be studied in depth.ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to provide an integrative synthesis of the current state of research regarding the question in how far middle-aged and older adults (people aged 50 years and above) accept mobile nutrition and fitness apps to gain a deeper understanding of the influencing factors shaping this target group's usage behaviour and needs.MethodsThe review process followed the PRISMA guidelines. The databases Medline, Embase, Web of Science as well as reference lists were systematically searched. Study quality was assessed using the MMAT and AXIS appraisal tools. Data of the included studies were extracted and thereupon narratively synthesized, involving thematic analysis.ResultsOf N = 8823 articles screened, n = 7 studies could be identified-five quantitative, cross-sectional ones and two qualitative studies. Overall, the synthesized findings showed a lower acceptance among middle-aged and older adults compared to younger populations, which was particularly reflected in lower usage rates and more negative attitudes towards such apps (e.g., Perceived usefulness, Ease of use). The target group's acceptance of fitness apps was greater compared to nutrition apps. Findings on contextual factors and social determinants were inconsistent (e.g., regarding gender differences).ConclusionWhile cross-study comparability was limited, the synthesized evidence underscores the importance to target mobile nutrition and fitness apps to the distinctive and heterogeneous needs of middle-aged and, particularly, of older adults. The scarcity of the existing body of knowledge highlights the need of further (longitudinal) research.Prospero protocol register numberCRD42020159409.

Project description:BackgroundDaily activities have been associated with neurocognitive performance. However, much of this research has used in-person neuropsychological testing that requires participants to travel to a laboratory or clinic, which may not always be feasible and does not allow for the examination of real-time relationships between cognition and behavior. Thus, there is a need to understand the real-time relationship between activities in the real world and neurocognitive functioning to improve tracking of symptoms or disease states and aid in the early identification of neurocognitive deficits among at-risk individuals.ObjectiveWe used a smartphone-based ecological momentary cognitive assessment (EMCA) platform to examine real-time relationships between daily activities and neurocognitive performance (executive functioning and verbal learning) in the everyday environment of middle-aged and older adults with and without HIV.MethodsA total of 103 adults aged 50-74 years (67 persons with HIV; mean age 59 years, SD 6.4) were recruited from the University of California, San Diego HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program and the San Diego community. Participants completed our EMCA protocol for 14 days. Participants reported their current daily activities 4 times per day; following 2 of the 4 daily ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys, participants were administered the mobile Color-Word Interference Test (mCWIT) and mobile Verbal Learning Test (mVLT), each once per day. Activities were categorized into cognitively stimulating activities, passive leisure activities, and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). We used multilevel modeling to examine the same-survey and lagged within-person and between-person effects of each activity type on mobile cognitive performance.ResultsOn average, participants completed 91% of the EMA surveys, 85% of the mCWIT trials, and 80% of the mVLT trials, and they reported engaging in cognitively stimulating activities on 17% of surveys, passive leisure activities on 33% of surveys, and IADLs on 20% of surveys. Adherence and activity percentages did not differ by HIV status. Within-persons, engagement in cognitively stimulating activities was associated with better mCWIT performance (β=-1.12; P=.007), whereas engagement in passive leisure activities was associated with worse mCWIT performance (β=.94; P=.005). There were no lagged associations. At the aggregate between-person level, a greater percentage of time spent in cognitively stimulating activities was associated with better mean mVLT performance (β=.07; P=.02), whereas a greater percentage of time spent in passive leisure activities was associated with worse mean mVLT performance (β=-.07; P=.01). IADLs were not associated with mCWIT or mVLT performance.ConclusionsSmartphones present unique opportunities for assessing neurocognitive performance and behavior in middle-aged and older adults' own environment. Measurement of cognition and daily functioning outside of clinical settings may generate novel insights on the dynamic association of daily behaviors and neurocognitive performance and may add new dimensions to understanding the complexity of human behavior.

Dataset Information

Genetic variants influencing biomarkers of nutrition are not associated with cognitive capability in middle-aged and older adults.

Publications

Genetic variants influencing biomarkers of nutrition are not associated with cognitive capability in middle-aged and older adults.

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