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Alternative fates of newly formed PrPSc upon prion conversion on the plasma membrane.

ABSTRACT: Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterised by the accumulation of misfolded prion protein (PrP(Sc)) in the brain. They are caused by the templated misfolding of normal cellular protein, PrP(C), by PrP(Sc). We have recently generated a unique cell system in which epitope-tagged PrP(C) competent to produce bona fide PrP(Sc) is expressed in neuroblastoma cells. Using this system we demonstrated that PrP(Sc) forms on the cell surface within minutes of prion exposure. Here, we describe the intracellular trafficking of newly formed PrP(Sc). After formation in GM1-enriched lipid microdomains at the plasma membrane, PrP(Sc) is rapidly internalised to early endosomes containing transferrin and cholera toxin B subunit. Following endocytosis, PrP(Sc) intracellular trafficking diverges: some is recycled to the plasma membrane via Rab11-labelled recycling endosomes; the remaining PrP(Sc) is subject to retromer-mediated retrograde transport to the Golgi. This pathway leads to lysosomal degradation, and we show that this is the dominant PrP(Sc) degradative mechanism in the early stages of prion infection.

SUBMITTER: Goold R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3744024 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Alternative fates of newly formed PrPSc upon prion conversion on the plasma membrane.

Goold Rob R McKinnon Chris C Rabbanian Samira S Collinge John J Schiavo Giampietro G Tabrizi Sarah J SJ

Journal of cell science 20130626 Pt 16

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases characterised by the accumulation of misfolded prion protein (PrP(Sc)) in the brain. They are caused by the templated misfolding of normal cellular protein, PrP(C), by PrP(Sc). We have recently generated a unique cell system in which epitope-tagged PrP(C) competent to produce bona fide PrP(Sc) is expressed in neuroblastoma cells. Using this system we demonstrated that PrP(Sc) forms on the cell surface within minutes of prion exposure. Here, we ...[more]

PMID: 23813960

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Project description:Although misfolding of normal prion protein (PrPC) into abnormal conformers (PrPSc) is critical for prion disease pathogenesis our current understanding of the underlying molecular pathophysiology is rudimentary. Exploiting an electrophysiology paradigm, herein we report that at least modestly proteinase K (PK)-resistant PrPSc (PrPres) species are acutely synaptotoxic. Brief exposure to ex vivo PrPSc from two mouse-adapted prion strains (M1000 and MU02) prepared as crude brain homogenates (cM1000 and cMU02) and cell lysates from chronically M1000-infected RK13 cells (MoRK13-Inf) caused significant impairment of hippocampal CA1 region long-term potentiation (LTP), with the LTP disruption approximating that reported during the evolution of murine prion disease. Proof of PrPSc (especially PrPres) species as the synaptotoxic agent was demonstrated by: significant rescue of LTP following selective immuno-depletion of total PrP from cM1000 (dM1000); modestly PK-treated cM1000 (PK+M1000) retaining full synaptotoxicity; and restoration of the LTP impairment when employing reconstituted, PK-eluted, immuno-precipitated M1000 preparations (PK+IP-M1000). Additional detailed electrophysiological analyses exemplified by impairment of post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) suggest possible heightened pre-synaptic vulnerability to the acute synaptotoxicity. This dysfunction correlated with cumulative insufficiency of replenishment of the readily releasable pool (RRP) of vesicles during repeated high-frequency stimulation utilised for induction of LTP. Broadly comparable results with LTP and PTP impairment were obtained utilizing hippocampal slices from PrPC knockout (PrPo/o) mice, with cM1000 serial dilution assessments revealing similar sensitivity of PrPo/o and wild type (WT) slices. Size fractionation chromatography demonstrated that synaptotoxic PrP correlated with PK-resistant species >100kDa, consistent with multimeric PrPSc, with levels of these species >6 ng/ml appearing sufficient to induce synaptic dysfunction. Biochemical analyses of hippocampal slices manifesting acute synaptotoxicity demonstrated reduced levels of multiple key synaptic proteins, albeit with noteworthy differences in PrPo/o slices, while such changes were absent in hippocampi demonstrating rescued LTP through treatment with dM1000. Our findings offer important new mechanistic insights into the synaptic impairment underlying prion disease, enhancing prospects for development of targeted effective therapies.

Dataset Information

Alternative fates of newly formed PrPSc upon prion conversion on the plasma membrane.

Publications

Alternative fates of newly formed PrPSc upon prion conversion on the plasma membrane.

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