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Comparative genomics of two Leptospira interrogans serovars reveals novel insights into physiology and pathogenesis.

ABSTRACT: Leptospira species colonize a significant proportion of rodent populations worldwide and produce life-threatening infections in accidental hosts, including humans. Complete genome sequencing of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni and comparative analysis with the available Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai genome reveal that despite overall genetic similarity there are significant structural differences, including a large chromosomal inversion and extensive variation in the number and distribution of insertion sequence elements. Genome sequence analysis elucidates many of the novel aspects of leptospiral physiology relating to energy metabolism, oxygen tolerance, two-component signal transduction systems, and mechanisms of pathogenesis. A broad array of transcriptional regulation proteins and two new families of afimbrial adhesins which contribute to host tissue colonization in the early steps of infection were identified. Differences in genes involved in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide O side chains between the Copenhageni and Lai serovars were identified, offering an important starting point for the elucidation of the organism's complex polysaccharide surface antigens. Differences in adhesins and in lipopolysaccharide might be associated with the adaptation of serovars Copenhageni and Lai to different animal hosts. Hundreds of genes encoding surface-exposed lipoproteins and transmembrane outer membrane proteins were identified as candidates for development of vaccines for the prevention of leptospirosis.

SUBMITTER: Nascimento AL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC374407 | biostudies-literature | 2004 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Comparative genomics of two Leptospira interrogans serovars reveals novel insights into physiology and pathogenesis.

Nascimento A L T O AL Ko A I AI Martins E A L EA Monteiro-Vitorello C B CB Ho P L PL Haake D A DA Verjovski-Almeida S S Hartskeerl R A RA Marques M V MV Oliveira M C MC Menck C F M CF Leite L C C LC Carrer H H Coutinho L L LL Degrave W M WM Dellagostin O A OA El-Dorry H H Ferro E S ES Ferro M I T MI Furlan L R LR Gamberini M M Giglioti E A EA Góes-Neto A A Goldman G H GH Goldman M H S MH Harakava R R Jerônimo S M B SM Junqueira-de-Azevedo I L M IL Kimura E T ET Kuramae E E EE Lemos E G M EG Lemos M V F MV Marino C L CL Nunes L R LR de Oliveira R C RC Pereira G G GG Reis M S MS Schriefer A A Siqueira W J WJ Sommer P P Tsai S M SM Simpson A J G AJ Ferro J A JA Camargo L E A LE Kitajima J P JP Setubal J C JC Van Sluys M A MA

Journal of bacteriology 20040401 7

Leptospira species colonize a significant proportion of rodent populations worldwide and produce life-threatening infections in accidental hosts, including humans. Complete genome sequencing of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni and comparative analysis with the available Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai genome reveal that despite overall genetic similarity there are significant structural differences, including a large chromosomal inversion and extensive variation in the number and di ...[more]

PMID: 15028702

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Project description:Leptospirosis is an emerging infectious disease of global significance, and is endemic in tropical countries, including Malaysia. Over the last decade, a dramatic increase of human cases was reported; however, information on the primary vector, the rat, and the Leptospira serovars circulating among the rat population is limited. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to isolate Leptospira and characterise the serovars circulating in the urban rat populations from selected main cities in Peninsular Malaysia.Rat trappings were carried out between October 2011 to February 2014 in five urban cities which were chosen as study sites to represent different geographical locations in Peninsular Malaysia. Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and PCR were carried out to identify the Leptospiral serogroup and determine the pathogenic status of the isolates, respectively while pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR were used to characterize the isolates.Three rat species were identified from the three hundred and fifty seven rats captured with Rattus rattus, being the dominant rat species (285, 80 %) followed by Rattus norgevicus (53, 15 %) and Rattus exulans (19, 5 %). Only 39 samples (11.0 %) were positive by culture and further confirmed as pathogenic Leptospira by PCR. Significant associations were shown between host infection with locality, season, host-age and species. Based on MAT, two serogroups were identified in the population namely; L. borgpetersenii serogroup Javanica (n?=?16) and L. interrogans serogroup Bataviae (n?=?23). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) distinguished the two serovars in the urban rat populations: L. borgpetersenii serovar Javanica (41 %), and L. interrogans serovar Bataviae (59 %). RAPD-PCR yielded 14 distinct patterns and was found to be more discriminative than PFGE.This study confirms two Leptospira serovars circulating among the urban rats population in Peninsular Malaysia namely; L. borgpetersenii serovar Javanica and L. interrogans serovars Bataviae. Despite the low number of isolates obtained from the rat population, this study suggests that rodent control programs and disease surveillance may help to reduce the possible risk of disease transmission.

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Comparative genomics of two Leptospira interrogans serovars reveals novel insights into physiology and pathogenesis.

Publications

Comparative genomics of two Leptospira interrogans serovars reveals novel insights into physiology and pathogenesis.

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