Project description:The retina is a complex and fragile photosensitive part of the central nervous system which is prone to degenerative diseases leading to permanent vision loss. No proven treatment strategies exist to treat or reverse the degenerative conditions. Recent investigations demonstrate that cell transplantation therapies to replace the dysfunctional retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and or the degenerating photoreceptors (PRs) are viable options to restore vision. Pluripotent stem cells, retinal progenitor cells, and somatic stem cells are the main cell sources used for cell transplantation therapies. The success of retinal transplantation based on cell suspension injection is hindered by limited cell survival and lack of cellular integration. Recent advances in material science helped to develop strategies to grow cells as intact monolayers or as sheets on biomaterial scaffolds for transplantation into the eyes. Such implants are found to be more promising than the bolus injection approach. Tissue engineering techniques are specifically designed to construct biodegradable or non-degradable polymer scaffolds to grow cells as a monolayer and construct implantable grafts. The engineered cell construct along with the extracellular matrix formed, can hold the cells in place to enable easy survival, better integration, and improved visual function. This article reviews the advances in the use of scaffolds for transplantation studies in animal models and their application in current clinical trials.

| S-EPMC8896578 | biostudies-literature

Tissue engineering toward temporomandibular joint disc regeneration.

Project description:Treatments for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc thinning and perforation, conditions prevalent in TMJ pathologies, are palliative but not reparative. To address this, scaffold-free tissue-engineered implants were created using allogeneic, passaged costal chondrocytes. A combination of compressive and bioactive stimulation regimens produced implants with mechanical properties akin to those of the native disc. Efficacy in repairing disc thinning was examined in minipigs. Compared to empty controls, treatment with tissue-engineered implants restored disc integrity by inducing 4.4 times more complete defect closure, formed 3.4-fold stiffer repair tissue, and promoted 3.2-fold stiffer intralaminar fusion. The osteoarthritis score (indicative of degenerative changes) of the untreated group was 3.0-fold of the implant-treated group. This tissue engineering strategy paves the way for developing tissue-engineered implants as clinical treatments for TMJ disc thinning.

| S-EPMC6553461 | biostudies-literature

Market of tissue engineering in Canada from 2011 to 2020.

Project description:Tissue engineering aims to produce tissue/organ substitutes to improve upon current treatment approaches, thus providing a permanent solution to damaged tissues/organs. This project aimed to perform a market analysis for understanding and promoting the development and commercialization of tissue engineering in Canada. We searched companies that were established between October 2011 and July 2020 via publicly available information and for these companies, we collected and analyzed the corporate level information, including revenues, and number of employees and founder information. The companies assessed were mainly searched from four different industry segments, i.e., bioprinting, biomaterials, cells and biomaterials, and stem-cells related industry. Our results have demonstrated that there are twenty-five tissue-engineering companies registered in Canada. These companies generated an estimated revenue of USD $67 million in the year 2020, most generated by the tissue engineering and stem-cells related industries. Our results also show that Ontario has the largest number of headquarters of tissue engineering companies among the provinces or territories of Canada. It is expected that the number of new products undergoing clinical trials is increased, based on our results of current clinical trials. Altogether, tissue engineering in Canada has shown a huge growth in the past decade and is forecasted to be an emerging industry in Canada for the years to come.

| S-EPMC10264613 | biostudies-literature

New aspects of neuroblastoma treatment: ASPHO 2011 symposium review.

Project description:Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, and the outcomes for children with high-risk and relapsed disease remain poor. However, new international strategies for risk stratification and for treatment based on novel tumor targets and including immunotherapy are being employed in attempts to improve the outcomes of children with neuroblastoma. A new international neuroblastoma risk classification system has been developed which is being incorporated into cooperative group clinical trials in North America, Japan, and Europe, resulting in standardized approaches for the initial evaluation and treatment stratification of neuroblastoma patients. Furthermore, novel treatment regimens are being developed based on improved understanding of neuroblastoma biology and on the recruitment of the immune system to specifically target neuroblastoma tumors. These approaches will lead to new therapeutic strategies that likely will improve the outcomes for children with neuroblastoma worldwide.

| S-EPMC4104176 | biostudies-literature

Tissue engineering in pediatric urology - a critical appraisal.

Project description:Tissue engineering is defined as the combination of biomaterials and bioengineering principles together with cell transplantation or directed growth of host cells to develop a biological replacement tissue or organ that can be a substitute for normal tissue both in structure and function. Despite early promising preclinical studies, clinical translation of tissue engineering in pediatric urology into humans has been unsuccessful both for cell-seeded and acellular scaffolds. This can be ascribed to various factors, including the use of only non-diseased models that inaccurately describe the structural and functional modifications of diseased tissue. The paper addresses potential future strategies to overcome the limitations experienced in clinical applications so far. This includes the use of stem cells of various origins (mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, urine-derived stem cells, and progenitor cells of the urothelium) as well as the need for a deeper understanding of signaling pathways and directing tissue ingrowth and differentiation through the concept of dynamic reciprocity. The development of smart scaffolds that release trophic factors in a set and timely manner will probably improve regeneration. Modulation of innate immune response as a major contributor to tissue regeneration outcome is also addressed. It is unlikely that only one of these strategies alone will lead to clinically applicable tissue engineering strategies in pediatric urology. In the meanwhile, the fundamental new insights into regenerative processes already obtained in the attempts of tissue engineering of the lower urogenital tract remain our greatest gain.

| S-EPMC6604568 | biostudies-literature

Progress in Biomaterials for Cardiac Tissue Engineering and Regeneration.

Project description:Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading global causes of morbidity and mortality, posing considerable health and economic burden on patients and medical systems worldwide. This phenomenon is attributed to two main motives: poor regeneration capacity of adult cardiac tissues and insufficient therapeutic options. Thus, the context calls for upgrading treatments to deliver better outcomes. In this respect, recent research has approached the topic from an interdisciplinary perspective. Combining the advances encountered in chemistry, biology, material science, medicine, and nanotechnology, performant biomaterial-based structures have been created to carry different cells and bioactive molecules for repairing and restoring heart tissues. In this regard, this paper aims to present the advantages of biomaterial-based approaches for cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration, focusing on four main strategies: cardiac patches, injectable hydrogels, extracellular vesicles, and scaffolds and reviewing the most recent developments in these fields.

| S-EPMC10007484 | biostudies-literature

Advancing Organoid Engineering for Tissue Regeneration and Biofunctional Reconstruction.

Project description:Tissue damage and functional abnormalities in organs have become a considerable clinical challenge. Organoids are often applied as disease models and in drug discovery and screening. Indeed, several studies have shown that organoids are an important strategy for achieving tissue repair and biofunction reconstruction. In contrast to established stem cell therapies, organoids have high clinical relevance. However, conventional approaches have limited the application of organoids in clinical regenerative medicine. Engineered organoids might have the capacity to overcome these challenges. Bioengineering-a multidisciplinary field that applies engineering principles to biomedicine-has bridged the gap between engineering and medicine to promote human health. More specifically, bioengineering principles have been applied to organoids to accelerate their clinical translation. In this review, beginning with the basic concepts of organoids, we describe strategies for cultivating engineered organoids and discuss the multiple engineering modes to create conditions for breakthroughs in organoid research. Subsequently, studies on the application of engineered organoids in biofunction reconstruction and tissue repair are presented. Finally, we highlight the limitations and challenges hindering the utilization of engineered organoids in clinical applications. Future research will focus on cultivating engineered organoids using advanced bioengineering tools for personalized tissue repair and biofunction reconstruction.

| S-EPMC11018530 | biostudies-literature

UK Purine Club 2011 Symposium : 2 November 2011 Parc Thistle Hotel Park Place Cardiff

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC3486162 | biostudies-literature