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Salt-inducible kinases regulate growth through the Hippo signalling pathway in Drosophila.

ABSTRACT: The specification of tissue size during development involves the coordinated action of many signalling pathways responding to organ-intrinsic signals, such as morphogen gradients, and systemic cues, such as nutrient status. The conserved Hippo (Hpo) pathway, which promotes both cell-cycle exit and apoptosis, is a major determinant of size control. The pathway core is a kinase cassette, comprising the kinases Hpo and Warts (Wts) and the scaffold proteins Salvador (Sav) and Mats, which inactivates the pro-growth transcriptional co-activator Yorkie (Yki). We performed a split-TEV-based genome-wide RNAi screen for modulators of Hpo signalling. We characterize the Drosophila salt-inducible kinases (Sik2 and Sik3) as negative regulators of Hpo signalling. Activated Sik kinases increase Yki target expression and promote tissue overgrowth through phosphorylation of Sav at Ser 413. As Sik kinases have been implicated in nutrient sensing, this suggests a link between the Hpo pathway and systemic growth control.

SUBMITTER: Wehr MC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3749438 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Salt-inducible kinases regulate growth through the Hippo signalling pathway in Drosophila.

Wehr Michael C MC Holder Maxine V MV Gailite Ieva I Saunders Rebecca E RE Maile Tobias M TM Ciirdaeva Elena E Instrell Rachael R Jiang Ming M Howell Michael M Rossner Moritz J MJ Tapon Nicolas N

Nature cell biology 20130101 1

The specification of tissue size during development involves the coordinated action of many signalling pathways responding to organ-intrinsic signals, such as morphogen gradients, and systemic cues, such as nutrient status. The conserved Hippo (Hpo) pathway, which promotes both cell-cycle exit and apoptosis, is a major determinant of size control. The pathway core is a kinase cassette, comprising the kinases Hpo and Warts (Wts) and the scaffold proteins Salvador (Sav) and Mats, which inactivates ...[more]

PMID: 23263283

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Project description:Background and aimsLiver regeneration retardation post partial hepatectomy (PH) is a common clinical problem after liver transplantation. Identification of key regulators in liver regeneration post PH may be beneficial for clinically improving the prognosis of patients after liver transplantation. This study aimed to clarify the function of junctional protein-associated with coronary artery disease (JCAD) in liver regeneration post PH and to reveal the underlying mechanisms.MethodsJCAD knockout (JCAD-KO), liver-specific JCAD-KO (Jcad△Hep) mice and their control group were subjected to 70% PH. RNA sequencing was conducted to unravel the related signalling pathways. Primary hepatocytes from KO mice were treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) to evaluate DNA replication. Fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) live-imaging system was used to visualise the phases of cell cycle.ResultsBoth global and liver-specific JCAD deficiency postponed liver regeneration after PH as indicated by reduced gene expression of cell cycle transition and DNA replication. Prolonged retention in G1 phase and failure to transition over the cell cycle checkpoint in JCAD-KO cell line was indicated by a FUCCI live-imaging system as well as pharmacologic blockage. JCAD replenishment by adenovirus reversed the impaired DNA synthesis in JCAD-KO primary hepatocyte in exposure to EGF, which was abrogated by a Yes-associated protein (YAP) inhibitor, verteporfin. Mechanistically, JCAD competed with large tumour suppressor 2 (LATS2) for WWC1 interaction, leading to LATS2 inhibition and thereafter YAP activation, and enhanced expression of cell cycle-associated genes.ConclusionJCAD deficiency led to delayed regeneration after PH as a result of blockage in cell cycle progression through the Hippo-YAP signalling pathway. These findings uncovered novel functions of JCAD and suggested a potential strategy for improving graft growth and function post liver transplantation.Key pointsJCAD deficiency leads to an impaired liver growth after PH due to cell division blockage. JCAD competes with LATS2 for WWC1 interaction, resulting in LATS2 inhibition, YAP activation and enhanced expression of cell cycle-associated genes. Delineation of JCADHippoYAP signalling pathway would facilitate to improve prognosis of acute liver failure and graft growth in living-donor liver transplantation.

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Salt-inducible kinases regulate growth through the Hippo signalling pathway in Drosophila.

Publications

Salt-inducible kinases regulate growth through the Hippo signalling pathway in Drosophila.

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