Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

0 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Two FLX family members are non-redundantly required to establish the vernalization requirement in Arabidopsis.

ABSTRACT: Studies of natural genetic variation for the vernalization requirement in Arabidopsis have revealed two genes, FRIGIDA and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), that are determinants of the vernalization-requiring, winter-annual habit. In this study, we show that FLOWERING LOCUS C EXPRESSOR-LIKE 4 (FLL4) is essential for upregulation of FLC in winter-annual Arabidopsis accessions and establishment of a vernalization requirement. FLL4 is part of the FLOWERING LOCUS C EXPRESSOR gene family and both are non-redundantly involved in flowering time control. Epistasis analysis among FRIGIDA, FLL4, FLOWERING LOCUS C EXPRESSOR and autonomous-pathway genes reveals that FRIGIDA fve exhibits an extreme delay of flowering compared with fri fve, but mutants in other autonomous-pathway genes do not, indicating that FVE acts most antagonistically to FRIGIDA. FLL4 may represent a new member of a FRI-containing complex that activates FLC.

SUBMITTER: Lee J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3753012 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Publications

Two FLX family members are non-redundantly required to establish the vernalization requirement in Arabidopsis.

Lee Joohyun J Amasino Richard M RM

Nature communications 20130101

Studies of natural genetic variation for the vernalization requirement in Arabidopsis have revealed two genes, FRIGIDA and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), that are determinants of the vernalization-requiring, winter-annual habit. In this study, we show that FLOWERING LOCUS C EXPRESSOR-LIKE 4 (FLL4) is essential for upregulation of FLC in winter-annual Arabidopsis accessions and establishment of a vernalization requirement. FLL4 is part of the FLOWERING LOCUS C EXPRESSOR gene family and both are non-red ...[more]

PMID: 23864009

Similar Datasets

Two members of the DUF579 family are responsible for arabinogalactan methylation in Arabidopsis.

Project description:All members of the DUF579 family characterized so far have been described to affect the integrity of the hemicellulosic cell wall component xylan: GXMs are glucuronoxylan methyltransferases catalyzing 4-O-methylation of glucuronic acid on xylan; IRX15 and IRX15L, although their enzymatic activity is unknown, are required for xylan biosynthesis and/or xylan deposition. Here we show that the DUF579 family members, AGM1 and AGM2, are required for 4-O-methylation of glucuronic acid of a different plant cell wall component, the highly glycosylated arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs).

| S-EPMC6508755 | biostudies-literature

A methyltransferase required for proper timing of the vernalization response in Arabidopsis.

Project description:Prolonged exposure to winter cold enables flowering in many plant species through a process called vernalization. In Arabidopsis, vernalization results from the epigenetic silencing of the floral repressor flowering locus C (FLC) via a Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated increase in the density of the epigenetic silencing mark H3K27me3 at FLC chromatin. During cold exposure, a gene encoding a unique, cold-specific PRC2 component, vernalization insensitive 3 (VIN3), which is necessary for PRC2-mediated silencing of FLC, is induced. Here we show that set domain group 7 (SDG7) is required for proper timing of VIN3 induction and of the vernalization process. Loss of SDG7 results in a vernalization-hypersensitive phenotype, as well as more rapid cold-mediated up-regulation of VIN3. In the absence of cold, loss of SDG7 results in elevated levels of long noncoding RNAs, which are thought to participate in epigenetic repression of FLC. Furthermore, loss of SDG7 results in increased H3K27me3 deposition on FLC chromatin in the absence of cold exposure and enhanced H3K27me3 spreading during cold treatment. Thus, SDG7 is a negative regulator of vernalization, and loss of SDG7 creates a partially vernalized state without cold exposure.

| S-EPMC4343098 | biostudies-literature

Two Expansin Genes, AtEXPA4 and AtEXPB5, Are Redundantly Required for Pollen Tube Growth and AtEXPA4 Is Involved in Primary Root Elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Project description:The growth of plant cells is inseparable from relaxation and expansion of cell walls. Expansins are a class of cell wall binding proteins, which play important roles in the relaxation of cell walls. Although there are many members in expansin gene family, the functions of most expansin genes in plant growth and development are still poorly understood. In this study, the functions of two expansin genes, AtEXPA4 and AtEXPB5 were characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. AtEXPA4 and AtEXPB5 displayed consistent expression patterns in mature pollen grains and pollen tubes, but AtEXPA4 also showed a high expression level in primary roots. Two single mutants, atexpa4 and atexpb5, showed normal reproductive development, whereas atexpa4atexpb5 double mutant was defective in pollen tube growth. Moreover, AtEXPA4 overexpression enhanced primary root elongation, on the contrary, knocking out AtEXPA4 made the growth of primary root slower. Our results indicated that AtEXPA4 and AtEXPB5 were redundantly involved in pollen tube growth and AtEXPA4 was required for primary root elongation.

| S-EPMC7916401 | biostudies-literature

Comparison of isogenic lines differing in vernalization requirement

Project description:Gene expression was assyed in seedlings of isogenic barley lines differing in vernalization requirement. Seedlings were harvested after 5 days germination in darkness at 20 degrees. Seedlings were then subjected to 1 day at 4 degrees after 5 days germination in darkness at 20. Genotypes include the winter barley parent Dairokakku, and isogenic lines carrying a deletion of VRN2, active VRN1 allleles (VRN1-10, or VRN1-8) or an active allele of FT1/VRN3. ****[PLEXdb(http://www.plexdb.org) has submitted this series at GEO on behalf of the original contributor, Ben Trevaskis. The equivalent experiment is BB97 at PLEXdb.]

2016-01-23 | GSE43704 | GEO

Histone arginine methylation is required for vernalization-induced epigenetic silencing of FLC in winter-annual Arabidopsis thaliana.

Project description:Certain plant varieties typically require prolonged exposure to the cold of winter to become competent to flower rapidly in the spring. This process is known as vernalization. In Arabidopsis thaliana, vernalization renders plants competent to flower by epigenetically silencing the strong floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). As a result of vernalization, levels of lysine-9 and lysine-27 trimethylation on histone 3, modifications that are characteristic of facultative heterochromatin in plants, increase at FLC chromatin. We have identified a mutant, protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (atprmt5), that fails to flower rapidly after vernalization treatment. AtPRMT5 encodes a type II protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) that, in winter-annual strains, is required for epigenetic silencing of FLC and for the vernalization-mediated histone modifications characteristic of the vernalized state. Furthermore, the levels of arginine methylation of FLC chromatin increase after vernalization. Therefore, arginine methylation of FLC chromatin is part of the histone code that is required for mitotic stability of the vernalized state.

| S-EPMC2206549 | biostudies-literature

Two Hsp70 family members expressed in atherosclerotic lesions.

Project description:Gene expression profiling was carried out comparing Con A elicited peritoneal macrophages from C57BL6 and FVBN wild-type and apolipoprotein (apo)E knockout mice. An EST, was expressed at higher levels in C57BL6 compared with FVBN mice. mapped to an atherosclerosis susceptibility locus on chromosome 19 revealed in an intercross between atherosclerosis-susceptible C57BL6 and atherosclerosis-resistant FVBN apoE knockout mice. A combination of database search and Northern analysis confirmed that corresponded to 3'-UTR of a hitherto predicted gene, named HspA12A. Blasting the National Center for Biotechnology Information database revealed a closely related homologue, HspA12B. HspA12A and -B have very close human homologues. TaqMan analysis confirmed the increased HspA12A expression (2.6-fold) in elicited peritoneal macrophages from C57BL6 compared with FVBN mice. TaqMan analysis also revealed increased HspA12A and HspA12B expression (87- and 6-fold, respectively) in lesional versus nonlesional portions of the thoracic aorta from C57BL6 apoE knockout mice on a chow diet. In situ hybridization confirmed that both genes were expressed within lesions but not within nonlesional aortic tissue. Blasting of HspA12A and HspA12B against the National Center for Biotechnology Information database (NR) revealed a hit with the Conserved Domain database for Hsp70 (pfam00012.5, Hsp70). Both genes appear to contain an atypical Hsp70 ATPase domain. The BLAST search also revealed that both genes were more similar to primitive eukaryote and prokaryote than mammalian Hsp70s, making these two genes distant members of the mammalian Hsp70 family. In summary, we describe two genes that code for a subfamily of Hsp70 proteins that may be involved in atherosclerosis susceptibility.

| S-EPMC298760 | biostudies-literature

Lymphoid-Tissue-Resident Commensal Bacteria Promote Members of the IL-10 Cytokine Family to Establish Mutualism.

Project description:Physical separation between the mammalian immune system and commensal bacteria is necessary to limit chronic inflammation. However, selective species of commensal bacteria can reside within intestinal lymphoid tissues of healthy mammals. Here, we demonstrate that lymphoid-tissue-resident commensal bacteria (LRC) colonized murine dendritic cells and modulated their cytokine production. In germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice, LRCs colonized intestinal lymphoid tissues and induced multiple members of the IL-10 cytokine family, including dendritic-cell-derived IL-10 and group 3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC3)-derived IL-22. Notably, IL-10 limited the development of pro-inflammatory Th17 cell responses, and IL-22 production enhanced LRC colonization in the steady state. Furthermore, LRC colonization protected mice from lethal intestinal damage in an IL-10-IL-10R-dependent manner. Collectively, our data reveal a unique host-commensal-bacteria dialog whereby selective subsets of commensal bacteria interact with dendritic cells to facilitate tissue-specific responses that are mutually beneficial for both the host and the microbe.

| S-EPMC4845739 | biostudies-literature

Functional Divergence of Microtubule-Associated TPX2 Family Members in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Project description:TPX2 (Targeting Protein for Xklp2) is an evolutionary conserved microtubule-associated protein important for microtubule nucleation and mitotic spindle assembly. The protein was described as an activator of the mitotic kinase Aurora A in humans and the Arabidopsis AURORA1 (AUR1) kinase. In contrast to animal genomes that encode only one TPX2 gene, higher plant genomes encode a family with several TPX2-LIKE gene members (TPXL). TPXL genes of Arabidopsis can be divided into two groups. Group A proteins (TPXL2, 3, 4, and 8) contain Aurora binding and TPX2_importin domains, while group B proteins (TPXL1, 5, 6, and 7) harbor an Xklp2 domain. Canonical TPX2 contains all the above-mentioned domains. We confirmed using in vitro kinase assays that the group A proteins contain a functional Aurora kinase binding domain. Transient expression of Arabidopsis TPX2-like proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed preferential localization to microtubules and nuclei. Co-expression of AUR1 together with TPX2-like proteins changed the localization of AUR1, indicating that these proteins serve as targeting factors for Aurora kinases. Taken together, we visualize the various localizations of the TPX2-LIKE family in Arabidopsis as a proxy to their functional divergence and provide evidence of their role in the targeted regulation of AUR1 kinase activity.

| S-EPMC7139753 | biostudies-literature

Activity Regulation by Heteromerization of Arabidopsis Allene Oxide Cyclase Family Members.

Project description:Jasmonates (JAs) are lipid-derived signals in plant stress responses and development. A crucial step in JA biosynthesis is catalyzed by allene oxide cyclase (AOC). Four genes encoding functional AOCs (AOC1, AOC2, AOC3 and AOC4) have been characterized for Arabidopsis thaliana in terms of organ- and tissue-specific expression, mutant phenotypes, promoter activities and initial in vivo protein interaction studies suggesting functional redundancy and diversification, including first hints at enzyme activity control by protein-protein interaction. Here, these analyses were extended by detailed analysis of recombinant proteins produced in Escherichia coli. Treatment of purified AOC2 with SDS at different temperatures, chemical cross-linking experiments and protein structure analysis by molecular modelling approaches were performed. Several salt bridges between monomers and a hydrophobic core within the AOC2 trimer were identified and functionally proven by site-directed mutagenesis. The data obtained showed that AOC2 acts as a trimer. Finally, AOC activity was determined in heteromers formed by pairwise combinations of the four AOC isoforms. The highest activities were found for heteromers containing AOC4 + AOC1 and AOC4 + AOC2, respectively. All data are in line with an enzyme activity control of all four AOCs by heteromerization, thereby supporting a putative fine-tuning in JA formation by various regulatory principles.

| S-EPMC4844422 | biostudies-literature

Alteration of wheat vernalization requirement by alien chromosome-mediated transposition of MITE.

Project description:Under the changing climate, early flowering is advantageous to escape terminal heat and drought. Previously during evaluation of 14 chromosome introgression lines (ILs), we found three ILs that flowered a month earlier than their wheat background Chinese Spring (CS). This paper describes the cause of the early flowering in the ILs and provides insight into the evolution of spring wheat from the winter wheat. We used specific molecular markers for Vrn genes to determine its allelic composition. Phenotypic evaluations carried out under field conditions and in a growth chamber. Unlike the winter vrn-A1 allele of CS, the spring Vrn-A1 allele of the ILs had insertions of 222 and 131-bp miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) in the promoter region. Sequence analysis indicated that the 222-bp insertion is similar to an insertion in the spring genotype, Triple Dirk D. Our results ruled out any possibility of outcrossing or contamination. Without vernalization, Vrn-A1 is highly expressed in the ILs compared to CS. We attribute the early flowering of the ILs to the insertion of the MITE in the promoter of Vrn-A1. The alien chromosome might mediate this insertion.

| S-EPMC4784996 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data