Dataset Information

Discovery and activity profiling of thailandepsins A through F, potent histone deacetylase inhibitors, from Burkholderia thailandensis E264.

ABSTRACT: Three new bicyclic depsipeptides, which are related to the previously reported thailandepsins A (1), B (2) and C (3), were discovered from the culture broth of Burkholderia thailandensis E264 when supplemented with amino acid precursors, and were subsequently named as thailandepsins D (4), E (5) and F (6), respectively. Enzyme assays showed that 1-6 are potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, particularly toward HDAC1 which represents class I human HDACs.

SUBMITTER: Wang C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3755959 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Discovery and activity profiling of thailandepsins A through F, potent histone deacetylase inhibitors, from Burkholderia thailandensis E264.

Wang Cheng C Flemming Creston J CJ Cheng Yi-Qiang YQ

MedChemComm 20120801 8

Three new bicyclic depsipeptides, which are related to the previously reported thailandepsins A (1), B (2) and C (3), were discovered from the culture broth of Burkholderia thailandensis E264 when supplemented with amino acid precursors, and were subsequently named as thailandepsins D (4), E (5) and F (6), respectively. Enzyme assays showed that 1-6 are potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, particularly toward HDAC1 which represents ...[more]

PMID: 23997923

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Project description:Persister cells are genetically identical variants in a bacterial population that have phenotypically modified their physiology to survive environmental stress. In bacterial pathogens, persisters are able to survive antibiotic treatment and reinfect patients in a frustrating cycle of chronic infection. To better define core persistence mechanisms for therapeutics development, we performed transcriptomics analyses of Burkholderia thailandensis populations enriched for persisters via three methods: flow sorting for low proton motive force, meropenem treatment, and culture aging. Although the three persister-enriched populations generally displayed divergent gene expression profiles that reflect the multimechanistic nature of stress adaptations, there were several common gene pathways activated in two or all three populations. These include polyketide and nonribosomal peptide synthesis, Clp proteases, mobile elements, enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter systems. In particular, identification of genes that encode polyketide synthases (PKSs) and fatty acid catabolism factors indicates that generation of secondary metabolites, natural products, and complex lipids could be part of the metabolic program that governs the persistence state. We also found that loss-of-function mutations in the PKS-encoding gene locus BTH_I2366, which plays a role in biosynthesis of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, resulted in increased sensitivity to antibiotics targeting DNA replication. Furthermore, treatment of multiple bacterial pathogens with a fatty acid synthesis inhibitor, CP-640186, potentiated the efficacy of meropenem against the persister populations. Altogether, our results suggest that bacterial persisters may exhibit an outwardly dormant physiology but maintain active metabolic processes that are required to maintain persistence.IMPORTANCE The discovery of antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin marked a historic milestone in the 1940s and heralded a new era of antimicrobial therapy as the modern standard for medical treatment. Yet, even in those early days of discovery, it was noted that a small subset of cells (∼1 in 105) survived antibiotic treatment and continued to persist, leading to recurrence of chronic infection. These persisters are phenotypic variants that have modified their physiology to survive environmental stress. In this study, we have performed three transcriptomic screens to identify persistence genes that are common between three different stressor conditions. In particular, we identified genes that function in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, small molecules, and complex lipids, which are likely required to maintain the persistence state. Targeting universal persistence genes can lead to the development of clinically relevant antipersistence therapeutics for infectious disease management.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Binge drinking, an increasingly common form of alcohol use disorder, is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality; yet, its effects on the immune system's ability to defend against infectious agents are poorly understood. Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis can occur in healthy humans, yet binge alcohol intoxication is increasingly being recognized as a major risk factor. Although our previous studies demonstrated that binge alcohol exposure increased B. pseudomallei near-neighbor virulence in vivo and increased paracellular diffusion and intracellular invasion, no experimental studies have examined the extent to which bacterial and alcohol dosage play a role in disease progression. In addition, the temporal effects of a single binge alcohol dose prior to infection has not been examined in vivo. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:In this study, we used B. thailandensis E264 a close genetic relative of B. pseudomallei, as useful BSL-2 model system. Eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were utilized in three distinct animal models to address the effects of 1) bacterial dosage, 2) alcohol dosage, and 3) the temporal effects, of a single binge alcohol episode. Alcohol was administered comparable to human binge drinking (≤ 4.4 g/kg) or PBS intraperitoneally before a non-lethal intranasal infection. Bacterial colonization of lung and spleen was increased in mice administered alcohol even after bacterial dose was decreased 10-fold. Lung and not spleen tissue were colonized even after alcohol dosage was decreased 20 times below the U.S legal limit. Temporally, a single binge alcohol episode affected lung bacterial colonization for more than 24 h after alcohol was no longer detected in the blood. Pulmonary and splenic cytokine expression (TNF-α, GM-CSF) remained suppressed, while IL-12/p40 increased in mice administered alcohol 6 or 24 h prior to infection. Increased lung and not intestinal bacterial invasion was observed in human and murine non-phagocytic epithelial cells exposed to 0.2% v/v alcohol in vitro. CONCLUSIONS:Our results indicate that the effects of a single binge alcohol episode are tissue specific. A single binge alcohol intoxication event increases bacterial colonization in mouse lung tissue even after very low BACs and decreases the dose required to colonize the lungs with less virulent B. thailandensis. Additionally, the temporal effects of binge alcohol alters lung and spleen cytokine expression for at least 24 h after alcohol is detected in the blood. Delayed recovery in lung and not spleen tissue may provide a means for B. pseudomallei and near-neighbors to successfully colonize lung tissue through increased intracellular invasion of non-phagocytic cells in patients with hazardous alcohol intake.

Dataset Information

Discovery and activity profiling of thailandepsins A through F, potent histone deacetylase inhibitors, from Burkholderia thailandensis E264.

Publications

Discovery and activity profiling of thailandepsins A through F, potent histone deacetylase inhibitors, from <i>Burkholderia thailandensis</i> E264.

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