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Laser-induced rotation and cooling of a trapped microgyroscope in vacuum.

ABSTRACT: Quantum state preparation of mesoscopic objects is a powerful playground for the elucidation of many physical principles. The field of cavity optomechanics aims to create these states through laser cooling and by minimizing state decoherence. Here we demonstrate simultaneous optical trapping and rotation of a birefringent microparticle in vacuum using a circularly polarized trapping laser beam--a microgyroscope. We show stable rotation rates up to 5 MHz. Coupling between the rotational and translational degrees of freedom of the trapped microgyroscope leads to the observation of positional stabilization in effect cooling the particle to 40 K. We attribute this cooling to the interaction between the gyroscopic directional stabilization and the optical trapping field.

SUBMITTER: Arita Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3763500 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Laser-induced rotation and cooling of a trapped microgyroscope in vacuum.

Arita Yoshihiko Y Mazilu Michael M Dholakia Kishan K

Nature communications 20130101

Quantum state preparation of mesoscopic objects is a powerful playground for the elucidation of many physical principles. The field of cavity optomechanics aims to create these states through laser cooling and by minimizing state decoherence. Here we demonstrate simultaneous optical trapping and rotation of a birefringent microparticle in vacuum using a circularly polarized trapping laser beam--a microgyroscope. We show stable rotation rates up to 5 MHz. Coupling between the rotational and trans ...[more]

PMID: 23982323

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Project description:In this study, ultrasound application at two different frequencies (37 or 80 kHz) and durations (15 or 30 min) was used as a pre-treatment for raw broiler breasts, and its effect on cooling, color, textural and sensory characteristics of cooked broiler breasts during vacuum cooling process was determined. The anterior and posterior parts of broiler breast halves were carefully removed, and these parts with a 20 mm width were named as the regions A and B, respectively. Both regions were vacuum-packed and pre-treated by ultrasound, followed by oven-cooking in aluminum foils, and cooling time, weight loss and temperature distribution characteristics were determined. Besides sensory and textural properties, the effect of the ultrasound pre-treatment on the pH, dry matter and ash contents and color (CIELAB) values of cooked breasts was determined. During vacuum cooling, ultrasound pre-treatment significantly reduced cooling time required to cool cooked broiler breasts from 85 °C to 12.5 °C, and the lowest values for the regions A and B were obtained for the 30 min ultrasound pre-treatment at 37 kHz as 12.72 and 14.61 min, respectively (p < 0.05). The cooling losses of breasts from the regions A and B were 12.64 and 11.61%, respectively. In comparison to immersion pre-treatment, increasing the frequency and duration of ultrasound pre-treatment generally decreased cooking loss values for both A and B regions while cooling loss increased. Instrumental hardness values of breast samples for the 15 min ultrasound pre-treatment decreased while they increased with the 30 min pre-treatment (p < 0.05) at both frequencies. The redness values (a*) increased by ultrasound pre-treatment while the highest value was found for a 30 min pre-treatment at 80 kHz for both regions. Sensory hardness (on a 14.5 cm scale) results indicated that the highest value (9.33) was determined for a 30 min ultrasound pre-treatment at 37 kHz while the ultrasound pre-treatment at 37 kHz for 15 min had no negative effect on hardness compared to control samples (p > 0.05). In conclusion, ultrasound pre-treatment can be successfully used for the vacuum cooling process of broiler breasts for the reduction of cooling time, and a 30 min ultrasound pre-treatment at 37 kHz can provide relatively superior cooling characteristics.

Dataset Information

Laser-induced rotation and cooling of a trapped microgyroscope in vacuum.

Publications

Laser-induced rotation and cooling of a trapped microgyroscope in vacuum.

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