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Evaluation of Acute 13-Week Subchronic Toxicity and Genotoxicity of the Powdered Root of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack).

ABSTRACT: Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) is an indigenous traditional herb in Southern Asia. Its powdered root has been processed to produce health supplements, but no detailed toxicology report is available. In this study, neither mutagenicity nor clastogenicity was noted, and acute oral LD50 was more than 6?g/kg b.w. After 4-week subacute and 13-week subchronic exposure paradigms (0, 0.6, 1.2, and 2?g/kg b.w./day), adverse effects attributable to test compound were not observed with respect to body weight, hematology, serum biochemistry, urinalysis, macropathology, or histopathology. However, the treatment significantly reduced prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and cholesterol levels, especially in males (P < 0.05). These changes were judged as pharmacological effects, and they are beneficial to health. The calculated acceptable daily intake (ADI) was up to 1.2 g/adult/day. This information will be useful for product development and safety management.

SUBMITTER: Li CH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3767077 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evaluation of Acute 13-Week Subchronic Toxicity and Genotoxicity of the Powdered Root of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack).

Li Ching-Hao CH Liao Jiunn-Wang JW Liao Po-Lin PL Huang Wei-Kuang WK Tse Ling-Shan LS Lin Cheng-Hui CH Kang Jaw-Jou JJ Cheng Yu-Wen YW

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM 20130825

Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) is an indigenous traditional herb in Southern Asia. Its powdered root has been processed to produce health supplements, but no detailed toxicology report is available. In this study, neither mutagenicity nor clastogenicity was noted, and acute oral LD50 was more than 6 g/kg b.w. After 4-week subacute and 13-week subchronic exposure paradigms (0, 0.6, 1.2, and 2 g/kg b.w./day), adverse effects attributable to test compound were not observed with respect to body w ...[more]

PMID: 24062779

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Project description:The roots of Eurycoma longifolia Jack have traditionally been used as an aphrodisiac tonic besides the other remedies for boils, fever, bleeding gums, and wound ulcer. Recently, the antiproliferative activity of E. longifolia has been reported and remained attractive to natural chemists.The objective of this study was to study on antiproliferative compounds from the root of E. longifolia.Column chromatography was used to separate individual compounds, spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonances and mass spectrometry were analyzed to determine the chemical structure of the isolates and for biological testing, antiproliferative activity of compounds was tested on seven human cancer cell lines (KATO III, HCT-15, Colo205, HepG2, PC-3, Jurkat, HL-60) by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method.Nine quassinoids including a new C19 longilactone-type quassinoid glycoside were characterized from the roots of the title plant. Among them, the major quassinoid eurycomanone exhibited selectively potential antiproliferative activities on the leukemia cell lines (HL-60 and Jurkat) and had very low toxic effects on normal skin fibroblast cell line (NB1RGB).The current study reveals one new quassinoid glycoside and the potential active component (eurycomanone) from E. longifolia for the leukemia treatment.Nine quassinoids (1-9) including one new quassinoid glycoside (9) and eight known ones were isolated from the roots of Eurycoma longifoliaThe structure of the new quassinoid 9 was determined by extensive chemical and spectroscopic analysesThe major quassinoid, eurycomanone (3), exhibited selectively potential antiproliferative activities on both Jurkat and HL-60 leukemia cells and had very low toxic effects on normal skin fibroblast cell line (NB1RGB). Abbreviations used: COSY: Correlation spectroscopy; HMBC: Heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation; HMQC: Heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation; NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance; NOESY: Nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy; TLC: Thin layer chromatography.

Dataset Information

Evaluation of Acute 13-Week Subchronic Toxicity and Genotoxicity of the Powdered Root of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack).

Publications

Evaluation of Acute 13-Week Subchronic Toxicity and Genotoxicity of the Powdered Root of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack).

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