Dataset Information

The genetic history of indigenous populations of the Peruvian and Bolivian Altiplano: the legacy of the Uros.

ABSTRACT: The Altiplano region of the South American Andes is marked by an inhospitable climate to which the autochthonous human populations adapted and then developed great ancient civilizations, such as the Tiwanaku culture and the Inca Empire. Since pre-Columbian times, different rulers established themselves around the Titicaca and Poopo Lakes. By the time of the arrival of Spaniards, Aymara and Quechua languages were predominant on the Altiplano under the rule of the Incas, although the occurrence of other spoken languages, such as Puquina and Uruquilla, suggests the existence of different ethnic groups in this region. In this study, we focused on the pre-Columbian history of the autochthonous Altiplano populations, particularly the Uros ethnic group, which claims to directly descend from the first settlers of the Andes, and some linguists suggest they might otherwise be related to Arawak speaking groups from the Amazon. Using phylogeographic, population structure and spatial genetic analyses of Y-chromosome and mtDNA data, we inferred the genetic relationships among Uros populations (Los Uros from Peru, Uru-Chipaya and Uru-Poopo from Bolivia), and compared their haplotype profiles with eight Aymara, nine Quechua and two Arawak (Machiguenga and Yanesha) speaking populations from Peru and Bolivia. Our results indicated that Uros populations stand out among the Altiplano populations, while appearing more closely related to the Aymara and Quechua from Lake Titicaca and surrounding regions than to the Amazon Arawaks. Moreover, the Uros populations from Peru and Bolivia are genetically differentiated from each other, indicating a high heterogeneity in this ethnic group. Finally, our results support the distinctive ancestry for the Uros populations of Peru and Bolivia, which are likely derived from ancient Andean lineages that were partially replaced during more recent farming expansion events and the establishment of complex civilizations in the Andes.

SUBMITTER: Sandoval JR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3770642 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The genetic history of indigenous populations of the Peruvian and Bolivian Altiplano: the legacy of the Uros.

Sandoval José Raul JR Lacerda Daniela R DR Jota Marilza S A MS Salazar-Granara Alberto A Vieira Pedro Paulo R PP Acosta Oscar O Cuellar Cinthia C Revollo Susana S Fujita Ricardo R Santos Fabrício R FR

PloS one 20130911 9

The Altiplano region of the South American Andes is marked by an inhospitable climate to which the autochthonous human populations adapted and then developed great ancient civilizations, such as the Tiwanaku culture and the Inca Empire. Since pre-Columbian times, different rulers established themselves around the Titicaca and Poopo Lakes. By the time of the arrival of Spaniards, Aymara and Quechua languages were predominant on the Altiplano under the rule of the Incas, although the occurrence of ...[more]

PMID: 24039843

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Project description:Background:Traditional diets are often credited for the robust cardiometabolic health of subsistence populations. Yet, rural subsistence populations are undergoing nutrition transitions that have been linked to the increase in chronic noncommunicable diseases. Few studies have presented detailed dietary estimates in transitioning populations. Objectives:We aimed to 1) characterize and compare dietary profiles of 2 neighboring subsistence populations in Bolivia who vary in market integration and 2) identify dietary factors contributing to low cardiovascular disease risk. Design:We used a mixed longitudinal design to estimate nutrient intake via 24-h recall and dietary questionnaires among 1299 Tsimane (aged 30-91 y) and 229 Moseten (aged 30-84 y) men and women. We constructed population-level estimates of energy intake, dietary diversity, and nutrient shortfalls and analyzed dietary changes over time and space using multilevel models. Last, we compared Tsimane and Moseten dietary profiles with those of Americans (NHANES). Results:The Tsimane diet was characterized by high energy (2422-2736 kcal/d), carbohydrate (376-423 g/d), and protein (119-139 g/d) intakes; low fat intake (40-46 g/d); and low dietary diversity relative to the average US diet. Most calories (64%) were derived from complex carbohydrates. Total energy and carbohydrate intake increased significantly during the 5-y study, particularly in villages near market towns. Tsimane consumption of food additives (lard, oil, sugar, salt) increased significantly [sugar (15.8 g ? person-1 ? d-1) and oil (4.9 mL ? person-1 ? d-1)] between 2010 and 2015. The more-acculturated Moseten consumed substantially more sugar (by 343%) and oil (by 535%) than the Tsimane. Conclusions:A high-energy diet rich in complex carbohydrates is associated with low cardiovascular disease risk when coupled with a physically active lifestyle. A transition away from a high-fiber and low-fat, low-salt, and low-processed-sugar diet is a salient health risk for transitioning populations. Evidence of a nutrition transition in Bolivia parallels trends of increasing body fat and body mass index, which suggests that a low prevalence of cardiovascular disease may not persist.

Dataset Information

The genetic history of indigenous populations of the Peruvian and Bolivian Altiplano: the legacy of the Uros.

Publications

The genetic history of indigenous populations of the Peruvian and Bolivian Altiplano: the legacy of the Uros.

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