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Breaking of plant stomatal one-cell-spacing rule by sugar solution immersion.

ABSTRACT: The spatial distribution of plant stomata is a model system to study epidermal cell pattern formation. Molecular genetic approaches have identified several key genes required for stomatal distribution patterning, but environmental conditions that perturb the stomatal spacing distribution have not yet been identified. We found that immersing hydroponic cultures in 1-5% sucrose solution induced abnormally clustered stomata in the cotyledons of Arabidopsis seedlings. Clustered stomata were also induced by treatment with glucose or fructose solution but not by mannitol solution, suggesting that osmotic stress was not a cause of the disturbed stomatal patterns. Stomatal lineage cell-specific enhancer trap lines revealed that the sugar solution treatment led to ectopic expression of stomatal lineage cell-specific genes in non-stomatal lineage cells. Aniline blue staining also showed that there was reduced deposition of callose, a plant cell wall component, in new cell walls during formation of stomatal precursor cells (meristemoids). These results suggested that the immersion treatment with sugar solution permitted ectopic guard cell differentiation through dysfunction of the cell wall dividing stomatal- and non-stomatal lineage cells. Our simple induction system for clustered stomata provides a suitable tool for further studies to investigate the one-cell-spacing rule during plant stomatal development.

SUBMITTER: Akita K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3770691 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Breaking of plant stomatal one-cell-spacing rule by sugar solution immersion.

Akita Kae K Hasezawa Seiichiro S Higaki Takumi T

PloS one 20130911 9

The spatial distribution of plant stomata is a model system to study epidermal cell pattern formation. Molecular genetic approaches have identified several key genes required for stomatal distribution patterning, but environmental conditions that perturb the stomatal spacing distribution have not yet been identified. We found that immersing hydroponic cultures in 1-5% sucrose solution induced abnormally clustered stomata in the cotyledons of Arabidopsis seedlings. Clustered stomata were also ind ...[more]

PMID: 24039770

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Project description:The interplay between environmental and genetic factors conditions the fruit ripening program in plants. Transcriptome analysis of grapevine fruits can help understanding these interactions to consciously cope with conditions leading to detrimental effects for viticultural purposes. However, considering the grapevine characteristic ripening asynchrony, which can be intensified by contrasting conditions, accurate grape sampling may be essential for molecular comparisons. In this study, berry density sorting according to floatability in NaCl solutions was assessed as a grape ripening staging strategy. Total sugar content was more correlated with berry density than with other non-invasive ripening parameters. The transcriptome was compared between three density classes collected near commercial maturity using grapevine whole-genome NimbleGen microarrays. Expression profiles clearly related with ripening progression were detected in a density series simultaneously collected from a vineyard of Albariño. By contrast, considerable differences were detected when the same density series was sampled on two different dates from the same vineyard of Tempranillo. Functional analysis indicated that environmental differences between both sampling moments determined most of these expression differences. Ripening degree-dependent responses to the environment were also detected. Finally, the effect of the sorting procedures on the grape transcriptome showed negligible when it was directly tested. Altogether, these findings evidence the convenience of homogenizing the developmental stage and the sampling time conditions for transcriptome comparisons. Berry density sorting proved useful to this end, although this method could be limited when the berry sugar concentration is not determined by the ripening developmental program. The potential berry transcriptional response to the high concentrated salt solutions used for berry density-sorting may involve a concern on the suitability of this method for transcriptomic studies. This possibility was directly tested by comparing the expression of berries immersed in a highly concentrated NaCl solution (170 g•L-1) during a relatively long time lapse (1 h) with that in berries kept at room air. This experiment was carried out using Tempranillo grapes at mid-véraison to standardize the ripening state by selecting berries with the same proportion of coloured skin surface (50%, corresponding to TSS of 9.9 ±0.3 ºBrix). Berries grown under watering (W) and no-watering (NW) conditions were analysed to test for possible irrigation-NaCl solution interactions affecting berry gene expression. No significant DEG was identified when the effect of the NaCl solution was analysed separately for berries collected from W or NW blocks (≥2-fold change and B-H adjusted P≤0.05 in 2-class limma). When W and NW samples were used together to analyse the effect of the NaCl immersion irrespectively of the irrigation treatment, 15 genes were detected with a B-H adjusted P≤0.05 and only 13 of these showed ≥2-fold change, confirming the slight effect. In summary, the effect of the NaCl immersion on the berry transcriptome is negligible and does not seem to interact with the transcriptomic response to other environmental cues.

Dataset Information

Breaking of plant stomatal one-cell-spacing rule by sugar solution immersion.

Publications

Breaking of plant stomatal one-cell-spacing rule by sugar solution immersion.

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