Dataset Information

Estimation of CT-derived abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots from anthropometry in Europeans, South Asians and African Caribbeans.

ABSTRACT:

Background

South Asians and African Caribbeans experience more cardiometabolic disease than Europeans. Risk factors include visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous abdominal (SAT) adipose tissue, which vary with ethnicity and are difficult to quantify using anthropometry.

Objective

We developed and cross-validated ethnicity and gender-specific equations using anthropometrics to predict VAT and SAT.

Design

669 Europeans, 514 South Asians and 227 African Caribbeans (70 ± 7 years) underwent anthropometric measurement and abdominal CT scanning. South Asian and African Caribbean participants were first-generation migrants living in London. Prediction equations were derived for CT-measured VAT and SAT using stepwise regression, then cross-validated by comparing actual and predicted means.

Results

South Asians had more and African Caribbeans less VAT than Europeans. For basic VAT prediction equations (age and waist circumference), model fit was better in men (R(2) range 0.59-0.71) than women (range 0.35-0.59). Expanded equations (+ weight, height, hip and thigh circumference) improved fit for South Asian and African Caribbean women (R(2) 0.35 to 0.55, and 0.43 to 0.56 respectively). For basic SAT equations, R(2) was 0.69-0.77, and for expanded equations it was 0.72-0.86. Cross-validation showed differences between actual and estimated VAT of <7%, and SAT of <8% in all groups, apart from VAT in South Asian women which disagreed by 16%.

Conclusion

We provide ethnicity- and gender-specific VAT and SAT prediction equations, derived from a large tri-ethnic sample. Model fit was reasonable for SAT and VAT in men, while basic VAT models should be used cautiously in South Asian and African Caribbean women. These equations will aid studies of mechanisms of cardiometabolic disease in later life, where imaging data are not available.

SUBMITTER: Eastwood SV

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3775834 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Estimation of CT-derived abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots from anthropometry in Europeans, South Asians and African Caribbeans.

Eastwood Sophie V SV Tillin Therese T Wright Andrew A Heasman John J Willis Joseph J Godsland Ian F IF Forouhi Nita N Whincup Peter P Hughes Alun D AD Chaturvedi Nishi N

PloS one 20130917 9

<h4>Background</h4>South Asians and African Caribbeans experience more cardiometabolic disease than Europeans. Risk factors include visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous abdominal (SAT) adipose tissue, which vary with ethnicity and are difficult to quantify using anthropometry.<h4>Objective</h4>We developed and cross-validated ethnicity and gender-specific equations using anthropometrics to predict VAT and SAT.<h4>Design</h4>669 Europeans, 514 South Asians and 227 African Caribbeans (70 ± 7 years) und ...[more]

PMID: 24069381

Similar Datasets

Project description:ObjectivesAbdominal fat has been identified as a risk marker of cardiometabolic disease independent of overall adiposity. However, it is not clear whether there are ethnic disparities in this risk. We investigated the associations of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with cardiometabolic risk factors in three ethnic diverse populations of Inuit, Africans and Europeans.DesignCross-sectional pooled study.SettingGreenland, Kenya and Denmark.MethodsA total of 5113 participants (2933 Inuit, 1397 Africans and 783 Europeans) from three studies in Greenland, Kenya and Denmark were included. Measurements included abdominal fat distribution assessed by ultrasound, oral glucose tolerance test, hepatic insulin resistance, blood pressure and lipids. The associations were analysed using multiple linear regressions.ResultsAcross ethnic group and gender, an increase in VAT of 1 SD was associated with higher levels of hepatic insulin resistance (ranging from 14% to 28%), triglycerides (8% to 16%) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, -1.0 to -0.05 mmol/L) independent of body mass index. VAT showed positive associations with most of the other cardiometabolic risk factors in Inuit and Europeans, but not in Africans. In contrast, SAT was mainly associated with the outcomes in Inuit and Africans. Of notice was that higher SAT was associated with higher HDL-C in African men (0.11 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.18) and with lower HDL-C in Inuit (-0.07 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.12 to -0.02), but not in European men (-0.02 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.09 to 0.05). Generally weaker associations were observed for women. Furthermore, the absolute levels of several of the cardiometabolic outcomes differed between the ethnic groups.ConclusionsVAT and SAT were associated with several of the cardiometabolic risk factors beyond overall adiposity. Some of these associations were specific to ethnicity, suggesting that ethnicity plays a role in the pathway from abdominal fat to selected cardiometabolic risk factors.

Project description:OBJECTIVES:This study sought to determine whether ethnic differences in diabetes, dyslipidemia, and ectopic fat deposition account for ethnic differences in incident cardiovascular disease. BACKGROUND:Coronary heart disease risks are elevated in South Asians and are lower in African Caribbeans compared with Europeans. These ethnic differences map to lipid patterns and ectopic fat deposition. METHODS:Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed in 2,049 Europeans, 1,517 South Asians, and 630 African Caribbeans from 1988 through 1991 (mean age: 52.4 ± 6.9 years). Fatal and nonfatal events were captured over a median 20.5-year follow-up. Subhazard ratios (SHR) were calculated using competing risks regression. RESULTS:Baseline diabetes prevalence was more than 3 times greater in South Asians and African Caribbeans than in Europeans. South Asians were more and African Caribbeans were less centrally obese and dyslipidemic than Europeans. Compared with Europeans, coronary heart disease incidence was greater in South Asians and less in African Caribbeans. The age- and sex-adjusted South Asian versus European SHR was 1.70 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52 to 1.91, p < 0.001) and remained significant (1.45, 95% CI: 1.28 to 1.64, p < 0.001) when adjusted for waist-to-hip ratio. The African Caribbean versus European age- and sex-adjusted SHR of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.52 to 0.79, p < 0.001) remained significant when adjusted for high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.74, 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.92, p = 0.008). Compared with Europeans, South Asians and African Caribbeans experienced more strokes (age- and sex-adjusted SHR: 1.45 [95% CI: 1.17 to 1.80, p = 0.001] and 1.50 [95% CI: 1.13 to 2.00, p = 0.005], respectively), and this differential was more marked in those with diabetes (age-adjusted SHR: 1.97 [95% CI: 1.16 to 3.35, p = 0.038 for interaction] and 2.21 [95% CI: 1.14 to 4.30, p = 0.019 for interaction]). CONCLUSIONS:Ethnic differences in measured metabolic risk factors did not explain differences in coronary heart disease incidence. The apparently greater association between diabetes and stroke risk in South Asians and African Caribbeans compared with Europeans merits further study.

Project description:ObjectivePersons living with HIV (PLWH) well treated on antiretroviral therapies remain at risk for ensuing arterial disease. We investigated the relationship between adipose depots and biomarkers of arterial injury and inflammation to gain insight into the link between body composition and CVD risk.Designs/methodsOne hundred and fifty-five HIV-infected and 70 non-HIV infected individuals were well phenotyped for body composition. Adipose depots were assessed via single-slice abdominal computed tomography (CT). Circulating markers of arterial disease and generalized inflammation [lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LpPLA2), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)] were evaluated.ResultsDespite similar BMI and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), HIV-infected individuals had significantly lower subcutaneous adipose tissue [SAT, 199 (126-288) vs. 239 (148-358) cm(2), P = 0.04] than non-HIV infected individuals. Among HIV-infected individuals, reduced SAT inversely correlated with LpPLA2 (ρ = -0.19, P = 0.02) and hs-cTnT (ρ = -0.24, P = 0.004), whereas increased VAT significantly and positively related to LpPLA2 (ρ = 0.25, P = 0.003), oxLDL (ρ = 0.28, P = 0.0005), hs-cTnT (ρ = 0.28, P = 0.0007) and hsCRP (ρ = 0.32, P = < 0.0001). Similar analyses among the non-HIV infected individuals revealed significant relationships between SAT and LpPLA2 (ρ = -0.24, P = 0.05), as well as VAT and LpPLA2 (ρ = 0.37, P = 0.002), oxLDL (ρ = 0.24, P = 0.05) and hsCRP (ρ = 0.29, P = .02). In modelling performed among the HIV group, simultaneously controlling for VAT, SAT, age and relevant HIV-related parameters, reduced SAT was an independent predictor of LpPLA2 (P = 0.04) and hs-cTnT (P = 0.005) and increased VAT was an independent predictor of LpPLA2 (P = 0.001), oxLDL (P = 0.02), hs-cTnT (P = 0.04) and hsCRP (P = 0.04).ConclusionFat redistribution phenotypes, characterized by SAT loss and/or VAT accumulation, may be linked to arterial injury and inflammation in HIV.

Dataset Information

Estimation of CT-derived abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots from anthropometry in Europeans, South Asians and African Caribbeans.

Background

Objective

Design

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Estimation of CT-derived abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots from anthropometry in Europeans, South Asians and African Caribbeans.

Similar Datasets

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