Engineering hydrophobic protein-carbohydrate interactions to fine-tune monoclonal antibodies.

ABSTRACT: Biologically active conformations of the IgG1 Fc homodimer are maintained by multiple hydrophobic interactions between the protein surface and the N-glycan. The Fc glycan modulates biological effector functions, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) which is mediated in part through the activatory Fc receptor, Fc?RIIIA. Consistent with previous reports, we found that site-directed mutations disrupting the protein-carbohydrate interface (F241A, F243A, V262E, and V264E) increased galactosylation and sialylation of the Fc and, concomitantly, reduced the affinity for Fc?RIIIA. We rationalized this effect by crystallographic analysis of the IgG1 Fc F241A mutant, determined here to a resolution of 1.9 Å, which revealed localized destabilization of this glycan-protein interface. Given that sialylation of Fc glycans decreases ADCC, one explanation for the effect of these mutants on Fc?RIIIA binding is their increased sialylation. However, a glycan-engineered IgG1 with hypergalactosylated and hypersialylated glycans exhibited unchanged binding affinity to Fc?RIIIA. Moreover, when we expressed these mutants as a chemically uniform (Man5GlcNAc2) glycoform, the individual effect of each mutation on Fc?RIIIA affinity was preserved. This effect was broadly recapitulated for other Fc receptors (Fc?RI, Fc?RIIA, Fc?RIIB, and Fc?RIIIB). These data indicate that destabilization of the glycan-protein interactions, rather than increased galactosylation and sialylation, modifies the Fc conformation(s) relevant for Fc?R binding. Engineering of the protein-carbohydrate interface thus provides an independent parameter in the engineering of Fc effector functions and a route to the synthesis of new classes of Fc domain with novel combinations of affinities for activatory and inhibitory Fc receptors.

SUBMITTER: Yu X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3788586 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature