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Sulfamethoxazole induces a switch mechanism in T cell receptors containing TCRV?20-1, altering pHLA recognition.

ABSTRACT: T cell receptors (TCR) containing V?20-1 have been implicated in a wide range of T cell mediated disease and allergic reactions, making it a target for understanding these. Mechanics of T cell receptors are largely unexplained by static structures available from x-ray crystallographic studies. A small number of molecular dynamic simulations have been conducted on TCR, however are currently lacking either portions of the receptor or explanations for differences between binding and non-binding TCR recognition of respective peptide-HLA. We performed molecular dynamic simulations of a TCR containing variable domain V?20-1, sequenced from drug responsive T cells. These were initially from a patient showing maculopapular eruptions in response to the sulfanilamide-antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The CDR2? domain of this TCR was found to dock SMX with high affinity. Using this compound as a perturbation, overall mechanisms involved in responses mediated by this receptor were explored, showing a chemical action on the TCR free from HLA or peptide interaction. Our simulations show two completely separate modes of binding cognate peptide-HLA complexes, with an increased affinity induced by SMX bound to the V?20-1. Overall binding of the TCR is mediated through a primary recognition by either the variable ? or ? domain, and a switch in recognition within these across TCR loops contacting the peptide and HLA occurs when SMX is present in the CDR2? loop. Large binding affinity differences are induced by summed small amino acid changes primarily by SMX modifying only three critical CDR2? loop amino acid positions. These residues, TYR?57, ASP?64, and LYS?65 initially hold hydrogen bonds from the CDR2? to adjacent CDR loops. Effects from SMX binding are amplified and traverse longer distances through internal TCR hydrogen bonding networks, controlling the overall TCR conformation. Thus, the CDR2? of V?20-1 acts as a ligand controlled switch affecting overall TCR binding affinity.

SUBMITTER: Watkins S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3792127 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sulfamethoxazole induces a switch mechanism in T cell receptors containing TCRVβ20-1, altering pHLA recognition.

Watkins Stephan S Pichler Werner J WJ

PloS one 20131007 10

T cell receptors (TCR) containing Vβ20-1 have been implicated in a wide range of T cell mediated disease and allergic reactions, making it a target for understanding these. Mechanics of T cell receptors are largely unexplained by static structures available from x-ray crystallographic studies. A small number of molecular dynamic simulations have been conducted on TCR, however are currently lacking either portions of the receptor or explanations for differences between binding and non-binding TCR ...[more]

PMID: 24116097

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Project description:Given the limited set of T cell receptor (TCR) V genes that are used to create TCRs that are reactive to different ligands, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, MHC class II, and MHC-like proteins (for example, MIC molecules and CD1 molecules), the V?1 segment can be rearranged with D?-J?-C? or J?-C? segments to form classical ??TCRs or uncommon ??TCRs using a V?1 segment (?/??TCR). Here we have determined two complex structures of the ?/??TCRs (S19-2 and TU55) bound to different locus-disparate MHC class I molecules with HIV peptides (HLA-A*2402-Nef138-10 and HLA-B*3501-Pol448-9). The overall binding modes resemble those of classical ??TCRs but display a strong tilt binding geometry of the V?1 domain toward the HLA ?1 helix, due to a conserved extensive interaction between the CDR1? loop and the N-terminal region of the ?1 helix (mainly in position 62). The aromatic amino acids of the CDR1? loop exploit different conformations ("aromatic ladder" or "aromatic hairpin") to accommodate distinct MHC helical scaffolds. This tolerance helps to explain how a particular TCR V region can similarly dock onto multiple MHC molecules and thus may potentially explain the nature of TCR cross-reactivity. In addition, the length of the CDR3? loop could affect the extent of tilt binding of the V?1 domain, and adaptively, the pairing V? domains adjust their mass centers to generate differential MHC contacts, hence probably ensuring TCR specificity for a certain peptide-MHC class I (pMHC-I). Our data have provided further structural insights into the TCR recognition of classical pMHC-I molecules, unifying cross-reactivity and specificity.IMPORTANCE The specificity of ?? T cell recognition is determined by the CDR loops of the ??TCR, and the general mode of binding of ??TCRs to pMHC has been established over the last decade. Due to the intrinsic genomic structure of the TCR ?/? chain locus, some V? segments can rearrange with the C? segment, forming a hybrid V?C?V?C? TCR, the ?/??TCR. However, the basis for the molecular recognition of such TCRs of their ligands is elusive. Here an ??TCR using the V?1 segment, S19-2, was isolated from an HIV-infected patient in an HLA-A*24:02-restricted manner. We then solved the crystal structures of the S19-2 TCR and another ?/??TCR, TU55, bound to their respective ligands, revealing a conserved V?1 binding feature. Further binding kinetics analysis revealed that the S19-2 and TU55 TCRs bind pHLA very tightly and in a long-lasting manner. Our results illustrate the mode of binding of a TCR using the V?1 segment to its ligand, virus-derived pHLA.

Dataset Information

Sulfamethoxazole induces a switch mechanism in T cell receptors containing TCRV?20-1, altering pHLA recognition.

Publications

Sulfamethoxazole induces a switch mechanism in T cell receptors containing TCRVβ20-1, altering pHLA recognition.

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