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Three-dimensional mapping of microcircuit correlation structure.

ABSTRACT: Great progress has been made toward understanding the properties of single neurons, yet the principles underlying interactions between neurons remain poorly understood. Given that connectivity in the neocortex is locally dense through both horizontal and vertical connections, it is of particular importance to characterize the activity structure of local populations of neurons arranged in three dimensions. However, techniques for simultaneously measuring microcircuit activity are lacking. We developed an in vivo 3D high-speed, random-access two-photon microscope that is capable of simultaneous 3D motion tracking. This allows imaging from hundreds of neurons at several hundred Hz, while monitoring tissue movement. Given that motion will induce common artifacts across the population, accurate motion tracking is absolutely necessary for studying population activity with random-access based imaging methods. We demonstrate the potential of this imaging technique by measuring the correlation structure of large populations of nearby neurons in the mouse visual cortex, and find that the microcircuit correlation structure is stimulus-dependent. Three-dimensional random access multiphoton imaging with concurrent motion tracking provides a novel, powerful method to characterize the microcircuit activity in vivo.

SUBMITTER: Cotton RJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3794294 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Three-dimensional mapping of microcircuit correlation structure.

Cotton R James RJ Froudarakis Emmanouil E Storer Patrick P Saggau Peter P Tolias Andreas S AS

Frontiers in neural circuits 20131010

Great progress has been made toward understanding the properties of single neurons, yet the principles underlying interactions between neurons remain poorly understood. Given that connectivity in the neocortex is locally dense through both horizontal and vertical connections, it is of particular importance to characterize the activity structure of local populations of neurons arranged in three dimensions. However, techniques for simultaneously measuring microcircuit activity are lacking. We deve ...[more]

PMID: 24133414

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Project description:BackgroundAvailable research about the anatomic patterns of intertrochanteric fractures is lacking, and fracture mapping has not previously been performed on intertrochanteric fractures. This study aimed to determine the major trajectories of intertrochanteric fracture lines using computed tomography data from a series of surgically treated patients.MethodsIn this study, 504 patients with intertrochanteric fractures were retrospectively analyzed. Fracture patterns were graded according to Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) classification. Fracture lines were transcribed onto proximal femoral templates and graphically superimposed to create a compilation of fracture maps that were subsequently divided into anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial fracture maps to create a three-dimensional (3D) pattern by reducing fragments in the 3D models. The fracture maps were then converted into frequency spectra. The major fracture patterns were assessed by focusing on the lateral femoral wall, lesser trochanter, intertrochanteric crest, and inner cortical buttress.ResultsAnterior, posterior, lateral, and medial fracture maps were created. The majority of fracture lines (85.9%, 433/504) on the anterior maps were along the intertrochanteric line where the iliofemoral ligament was attached. In the medial plane, the majority of fracture lines (49.0%, 247/504) shown on the frequency spectrum included the turning point involving the third quadrant. In the posterior plane, the majority of fracture lines (52.0%, 262/504) involved the intertrochanteric crest from the greater to the lesser trochanter. In the lateral plane, the majority of fracture lines (62.7%, 316/504) involved the greater trochanter at the gluteus medius attachment.ConclusionsThe fracture patterns observed in the present study might be used to describe morphologic characteristics and aid with management strategies. Further classifications or modifications that incorporate the fracture patterns identified in this study may be used in future research.

Dataset Information

Three-dimensional mapping of microcircuit correlation structure.

Publications

Three-dimensional mapping of microcircuit correlation structure.

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