Dataset Information

'Clustering' SIRP? into the plasma membrane lipid microdomains is required for activated monocytes and macrophages to mediate effective cell surface interactions with CD47.

ABSTRACT: SIRP?, an ITIMs-containing signaling receptor, negatively regulates leukocyte responses through extracellular interactions with CD47. However, the dynamics of SIRP?-CD47 interactions on the cell surface and the governing mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that while the purified SIRP? binds to CD47 and that SIRP? is expressed on monocytes and monocytic THP-1 or U937, these SIRP? are ineffective to mediate cell binding to immobilized CD47. However, cell binding to CD47 is significantly enhanced when monocytes transmigrating across endothelia, or being differentiated into macrophages. Cell surface labeling reveals SIRP? to be diffused on naïve monocytes but highly clustered on transmigrated monocytes and macrophages. Protein crosslink and equilibrium centrifugation confirm that SIRP? in the latter cells forms oligomerized complexes resulting in increased avidity for CD47 binding. Furthermore, formation of SIRP? complexes/clusters requires the plasma membrane 'lipid rafts' and the activity of Src family kinase during macrophage differentiation. These results together suggest that 'clustering' SIRP? into plasma membrane microdomains is essential for activated monocytes and macrophages to effectively interact with CD47 and initiate intracellular signaling.

SUBMITTER: Ha B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3797048 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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'Clustering' SIRPα into the plasma membrane lipid microdomains is required for activated monocytes and macrophages to mediate effective cell surface interactions with CD47.

Ha Binh B Lv Zhiyuan Z Bian Zhen Z Zhang Xiugen X Mishra Aarti A Liu Yuan Y

PloS one 20131015 10

SIRPα, an ITIMs-containing signaling receptor, negatively regulates leukocyte responses through extracellular interactions with CD47. However, the dynamics of SIRPα-CD47 interactions on the cell surface and the governing mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report that while the purified SIRPα binds to CD47 and that SIRPα is expressed on monocytes and monocytic THP-1 or U937, these SIRPα are ineffective to mediate cell binding to immobilized CD47. However, cell binding to CD47 is significantly enh ...[more]

PMID: 24143245

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Accumulating preclinical data indicate that targeting the SIRP?/CD47 axis alone or in combination with existing targeted therapies or immune checkpoint inhibitors enhances tumor rejection. Although several CD47-targeting agents are currently in phase I clinical trials and demonstrate activity in combination therapy, high and frequent dosing was required and safety signals (acute anemia, thrombocytopenia) were recorded frequently as adverse events. Based on the restricted expression pattern of SIRP? we hypothesized that antibodies targeting SIRP? might avoid some of the concerns noted for CD47-targeting agents. METHODS:SIRP?-targeting antibodies were generated and characterized for binding to human SIRP? alleles and blockade of the interaction with CD47. Functional activity was established in vitro using human macrophages or neutrophils co-cultured with human Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. The effect of SIRP? versus CD47 targeting on human T-cell activation was studied using an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction and a Staphylococcus enterotoxin B-induced T-cell proliferation assay. Potential safety concerns of the selected SIRP?-targeting antibody were addressed in vitro using a hemagglutination assay and a whole blood cytokine release assay, and in vivo in a single-dose toxicity study in cynomolgus monkeys. RESULTS:The humanized monoclonal IgG2 antibody ADU-1805 binds to all known human SIRP? alleles, showing minimal binding to SIRP?1, while cross-reacting with SIRP?, and potently blocking the interaction of SIRP? with CD47. Reduced Fc?R binding proved critical to retaining its function towards phagocyte activation. In vitro characterization demonstrated that ADU-1805 promotes macrophage phagocytosis, with similar potency to anti-CD47 antibodies, and enhances neutrophil trogocytosis. Unlike CD47-targeting agents, ADU-1805 does not interfere with T-cell activation and is not expected to require frequent and extensive dosing due to the restricted expression of SIRP? to cells of the myeloid lineage. ADU-1805 is cross-reactive to cynomolgus monkey SIRP? and upon single-dose intravenous administration in these non-human primates (NHPs) did not show any signs of anemia, thrombocytopenia or other toxicities. CONCLUSIONS:Blocking the SIRP?-CD47 interaction via SIRP?, while similarly efficacious in vitro, differentiates ADU-1805 from CD47-targeting agents with respect to safety and absence of inhibition of T-cell activation. The data presented herein support further advancement of ADU-1805 towards clinical development.

Project description:Rapid clearance of adoptively transferred Cd47-null (Cd47(-/-)) cells in congeneic WT mice suggests a critical self-recognition mechanism, in which CD47 is the ubiquitous marker of self, and its interaction with macrophage signal regulatory protein ? (SIRP?) triggers inhibitory signaling through SIRP? cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs and tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1/2. However, instead of displaying self-destruction phenotypes, Cd47(-/-) mice manifest no, or only mild, macrophage phagocytosis toward self-cells except under the nonobese diabetic background. Studying our recently established Sirp?-KO (Sirp?(-/-)) mice, as well as Cd47(-/-) mice, we reveal additional activation and inhibitory mechanisms besides the CD47-SIRP? axis dominantly controlling macrophage behavior. Sirp?(-/-) mice and Cd47(-/-) mice, although being normally healthy, develop severe anemia and splenomegaly under chronic colitis, peritonitis, cytokine treatments, and CFA-/LPS-induced inflammation, owing to splenic macrophages phagocytizing self-red blood cells. Ex vivo phagocytosis assays confirmed general inactivity of macrophages from Sirp?(-/-) or Cd47(-/-) mice toward healthy self-cells, whereas they aggressively attack toward bacteria, zymosan, apoptotic, and immune complex-bound cells; however, treating these macrophages with IL-17, LPS, IL-6, IL-1?, and TNF?, but not IFN?, dramatically initiates potent phagocytosis toward self-cells, for which only the Cd47-Sirp? interaction restrains. Even for macrophages from WT mice, phagocytosis toward Cd47(-/-) cells does not occur without phagocytic activation. Mechanistic studies suggest a PKC-Syk-mediated signaling pathway, to which IL-10 conversely inhibits, is required for activating macrophage self-targeting, followed by phagocytosis independent of calreticulin Moreover, we identified spleen red pulp to be one specific tissue that provides stimuli constantly activating macrophage phagocytosis albeit lacking in Cd47(-/-) or Sirp?(-/-) mice.

Dataset Information

'Clustering' SIRP? into the plasma membrane lipid microdomains is required for activated monocytes and macrophages to mediate effective cell surface interactions with CD47.

Publications

'Clustering' SIRPα into the plasma membrane lipid microdomains is required for activated monocytes and macrophages to mediate effective cell surface interactions with CD47.

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