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Overexpression of DRAM enhances p53-dependent apoptosis.

ABSTRACT: Tumor suppressor p53-dependent apoptosis is thought to be one of the most important tumor-suppressive mechanisms in human tumorigenesis. Till date, "super p53" mutants exhibiting more potent ability to induce apoptosis than wild-type p53 have been reported. These super p53s may provide a clue for development of novel therapeutic targets. However, the major mechanism underlying the super p53-dependent apoptosis remains unclear. To identify critical gene(s) in this mechanism, we performed a comprehensive and comparative expression analysis in p53-null Saos-2 cells with conditional expression of wild-type p53 and S121F, which was previously reported as a super p53 mutant. We identified damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM) as one of the genes that were more upregulated by S121F than wild-type p53. Although knockdown of DRAM was not sufficient for reducing the ability of S121F to induce apoptosis, DRAM overexpression enhanced the ability in a wild-type p53-dependent manner. Here, we show that DRAM is an important gene for the enhancement of p53-dependent apoptosis. Additional analysis of the mechanism of super p53-dependent apoptosis may lead to the identification of novel drug targets for cancer therapy.

SUBMITTER: Takahashi M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3797565 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Overexpression of DRAM enhances p53-dependent apoptosis.

Takahashi Masahiro M Kakudo Yuichi Y Takahashi Shin S Sakamoto Yasuhiro Y Kato Shunsuke S Ishioka Chikashi C

Cancer medicine 20130203 1

Tumor suppressor p53-dependent apoptosis is thought to be one of the most important tumor-suppressive mechanisms in human tumorigenesis. Till date, "super p53" mutants exhibiting more potent ability to induce apoptosis than wild-type p53 have been reported. These super p53s may provide a clue for development of novel therapeutic targets. However, the major mechanism underlying the super p53-dependent apoptosis remains unclear. To identify critical gene(s) in this mechanism, we performed a compre ...[more]

PMID: 24133622

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Project description:Prostaglandin (PG) A2, one of cyclopentenone PGs, is known to induce activation of apoptosis in various cancer cells. Although PGA2 has been reported to cause activation of apoptosis by altering the expression of apoptosis-related genes, the role of p53, one of the most critical pro-apoptotic genes, on PGA2-induced apoptosis has not been clarified yet. To address this issue, we compared the apoptosis in HCT116 p53 null cells (HCT116 p53-/-) to that in HCT116 cells containing the wild type p53 gene. Cell death induced by PGA2 was associated with phosphorylation of histone H2A variant H2AX (H2AX), activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 in HCT116 cells. Induction of apoptosis in PGA2-treated cells was almost completely prevented by pretreatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-Fmk, or an inhibitor of protein synthesis, cycloheximide. While PGA2 induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells, phosphorylation of p53 and transcriptional induction of p53-target genes such as p21WAF1, PUMA, BAX, NOXA, and DR5 occurred. Besides, pretreatment of pifithrin-? (PFT-?), a chemical inhibitor of p53's transcriptional activity, interfered with the induction of apoptosis in PGA2-treated HCT116 cells. Pretreatment of NU7441, a small molecule inhibitor of DNA-activated protein kinase (DNA-PK) suppressed PGA2-induced phosphorylation of p53 and apoptosis as well. Moreover, among target genes of p53, knockdown of DR5 expression by RNA interference, suppressed PGA2-induced apoptosis. In the meanwhile, in HCT116 p53-/- cells, PGA2 induced apoptosis in delayed time points and with less potency. Delayed apoptosis by PGA2 in HCT116 p53-/- cells was also associated with phosphorylation of H2AX but was not inhibited by either PFT-? or NU7441. Collectively, these results suggest the following. PGA2 may induce p53-dependent apoptosis in which DNA-PK activates p53, and DR5, a transcriptional target of p53, plays a pivotal role in HCT116 cells. In contrast to apoptosis in HCT116 cells, PGA2 may induce apoptosis in a fashion of less potency, which is independent of p53 and DNA-PK in HCT116 p53-/- cells.

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Overexpression of DRAM enhances p53-dependent apoptosis.

Publications

Overexpression of DRAM enhances p53-dependent apoptosis.

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