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Molecular dating of HIV-1 subtype C from Bangladesh.

ABSTRACT: Bangladesh has an overall low HIV prevalence of <0.1% in the general population and <1% among key affected populations, but it is one of few Asian countries that has yet to reverse the epidemic. In order to do this, it is important to understand the transmission dynamics in this country. The aim of this study was to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of HIV-1 subtype C strains from Bangladesh and related strains from other countries, and thereby clarify when and from where subtype C was introduced in the country and how it subsequently spread within Bangladesh. The phylogenetic analysis included 118 Bangladeshi gag sequences and 128 sequences from other countries and was performed using the BEAST package. Our analysis revealed that the vast majority of Bangladeshi sequences (97/118, 82%) fall into a large regional cluster of samples from Bangladesh, India, China and Myanmar, which dates back to the early 1960's. Following its establishment in the region, this strain has entered Bangladesh multiple times from around 1975 and onwards, but extensive in-country transmission could only be detected among drug users and not through sexual transmission. In addition, there have been multiple (at least ten) introductions of subtype C to Bangladesh from outside this region, but no extensive spread could be detected for any of these. Since many HIV-infections remain undetected while asymptomatic, the true extent of the transmission of each strain remains unknown, especially among hard to reach groups such as clients of sex workers and returning migrants with families.

SUBMITTER: Bontell I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3815104 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Molecular dating of HIV-1 subtype C from Bangladesh.

Bontell Irene I Sarker Md Safiullah MS Rahman Mustafizur M Afrad Mokibul Hassan MH Sönnerborg Anders A Azim Tasnim T

PloS one 20131101 11

Bangladesh has an overall low HIV prevalence of <0.1% in the general population and <1% among key affected populations, but it is one of few Asian countries that has yet to reverse the epidemic. In order to do this, it is important to understand the transmission dynamics in this country. The aim of this study was to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of HIV-1 subtype C strains from Bangladesh and related strains from other countries, and thereby clarify when and from where subtype C was ...[more]

PMID: 24223905

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Project description:BackgroundThe first case of HIV infection in Sri Lanka was reported in 1987 and at the end of 2018 there were 3500 people living with HIV. There have been commendable efforts made towards the detection, treatment, and prevention of HIV in the country. Even though the genetic diversity of HIV has been shown to affect the parameters ranging from detection to vaccine development, there is no data available with respect to the molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 in Sri Lanka.MethodsIn this report we have performed the ancillary analysis of pol gene region sequences (n = 85) obtained primarily for the purpose of HIV-1 drug resistance genotyping. Briefly, dried blood spot specimens (DBS) collected from HIV-1 infected individuals between December 2015 and August 2018 were subjected to pol gene amplification and sequencing. These pol gene sequences were used to interpret the drug resistance mutation profiles. Further, sequences were subjected to HIV-1 subtyping using REGA 3.0, COMET, jPHMM and, RIP online subtyping tools. Moreover, Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was employed to estimate the evolutionary history of HIV-1 subtype C in Sri Lanka.ResultsOur analysis revealed that the majority (51.8%) of pol gene sequences were subtype C. Other than subtype C, there were sequences categorized as subtypes A1, B, D and G. In addition to pure subtypes there were sequences which were observed to be circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and a few of the recombinants were identified as potential unique recombinants (URFs). We also observed the presence of drug resistance mutations in 56 (65.9%) out of 85 sequences. Estimates of the Bayesian evolutionary analysis suggested that the HIV-1 subtype C was introduced to Sri Lanka during the early 1970s (1972.8).ConclusionThe findings presented here indicate the presence of multiple HIV-1 subtypes and the prevalence of drug resistance mutations in Sri Lanka. The majority of the sequences were subtype C, having their most recent common ancestor traced back to the early 1970s. Continuous molecular surveillance of HIV-1 molecular epidemiology will be crucial to keep track of drug resistance, genetic diversity, and evolutionary history of HIV-1 in Sri Lanka.

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Molecular dating of HIV-1 subtype C from Bangladesh.

Publications

Molecular dating of HIV-1 subtype C from Bangladesh.

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