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Systematics of disakisperma (poaceae, chloridoideae, chlorideae).

ABSTRACT: Disakisperma Steud. is a genus of four predominantly perennial C4 (NAD-ME) species in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Its species previously were treated in Eleusine, Eragrostis, Coelachyrum, Cypholepis, Leptochloa, or Diplachne by nearly all authors.It includes the widespread North and South American amphitropical disjunct Disakisperma dubium (type of the genus), Disakisperma eleusine from southern Africa, Disakisperma obtusiflorum from central and northern Africa to southern Asia, and Disakisperma yemenicum, comb. nov. from eastern and southern Africa to Yemen. This paper provides a key to the species, geographic distributions, descriptions, including comments on the anatomy of leaves, stems, lemmatal micromorphology, a phylogram based on five molecular markers, and discussions of chromosome numbers. The species are rarely, if at all, known outside of their native ranges and are unlikely to become aggressively invasive. All species are considered Least Concern following IUCN guidelines. Lectotypes are designated for Diplachne dubia var. pringleana Kuntze, Disakisperma mexicana Steud., Eragrostis yemenica Schweinf., and Leptochloa appletonii Stapf.

SUBMITTER: Snow N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3817421 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Systematics of disakisperma (poaceae, chloridoideae, chlorideae).

Snow Neil N Peterson Paul M PM Romaschenko Konstantin K

PhytoKeys 20130927 26

Disakisperma Steud. is a genus of four predominantly perennial C4 (NAD-ME) species in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Its species previously were treated in Eleusine, Eragrostis, Coelachyrum, Cypholepis, Leptochloa, or Diplachne by nearly all authors.It includes the widespread North and South American amphitropical disjunct Disakisperma dubium (type of the genus), Disakisperma eleusine from southern Africa, Disakisperma obtusiflorum from central and northern Africa to southern Asia, and Disakisp ...[more]

PMID: 24194669

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Project description:Diplachne P. Beauv. comprises two species with C4 (NAD-ME) photosynthesis. Diplachne fusca has a nearly pantropical-pantemperate distribution with four subspecies: D. fusca subsp. fusca is Paleotropical with native distributions in Africa, southern Asia and Australia; the widespread Australian endemic D. f. subsp. muelleri; and D. f. subsp. fascicularis and D. f. subsp. uninervia occurring in the New World. Diplachne gigantea is known from a few widely scattered, older collections in east-central and southern Africa, and although Data Deficient clearly is of conservation concern. A discussion of previous taxonomic treatments is provided, including molecular data supporting Diplachne in its newer, restricted sense. Many populations of Diplachne fusca are highly tolerant of saline substrates and most prefer seasonally moist to saturated soils, often in disturbed areas. Some populations of Diplachne fusca in southern Asia combine nitrogen-fixation, high salinity tolerance and palatibilty to livestock, which should be pursued with further research for purposes of soil reclamation. Diplachne fusca subsp. uninervia is the most invasive of the subspecies and is becoming weedy in some non-native areas, including in the Old World. This monograph provides detailed descriptions of all taxa, a key to the species and subspecies, geographic distributions and information on the anatomy of leaves, stems, lemmatal micromorphology and discussions of the chromosome numbers. Lectotypes are designated for: Atropis carinata Grisb.; Diplachne acuminata Nash; Diplachne capensis (Nees) Nees var. concinna Nees; Diplachne capensis (Nees) Nees var. obscura Nees, Diplachne capensis (Nees) Nees var. prolifera subvar. minor Nees, Diplachne halei Nash, Diplachne maritima E.P. Bicknel, Diplachne muelleri Benth., Diplachne reverchonii Vasey, Diplachne tectoneticola Backer, Leptochloa imbricata Thurb., Leptochloa neuroglossa Peter, Leptochloa uninervia var. typica fo. abbreviata Parodi, Triodia ambigua R. Br. and Triodia parviflora R. Br.

Project description:Chloridoideae is one of the largest subfamilies of Poaceae, containing many species of great economic and ecological value; however, phylogenetic relationships among the subtribes and genera of Cynodonteae are controversial. In the present study, we combined 111 plastomes representing all five tribes, including 25 newly sequenced plastomes that are mostly from Cynodonteae. Phylogenetic analyses supported the five monophyletic tribes of Chloridoideae, including Centropodieae, Triraphideae, Eragrostideae, Zoysieae and Cynodonteae. Simultaneously, nine monophyletic lineages were revealed in Cynodonteae: supersubtribe Boutelouodinae, subtribes Tripogoninae, Aeluropodinae, Eleusininae, Dactylocteniinae, supersubtribe Gouiniodinae, Cleistogenes and Orinus, and subtribe Triodiinae. Within the tribe of Cynodonteae, the basal lineage is supersubtribe Boutelouodinae and Tripogoninae is sister to the remaining lineages. The clade formed of Aeluropodinae and Eleusininae is sister to the clade composed of Dactylocteniinae, supersubtribe Gouiniodinae, Cleistogenes and Orinus, and subtribe Triodiinae. The clade comprising Dactylocteniinae and supersubtribe Gouiniodinae is sister to the clade comprising Cleistogenes, Orinus, and Triodiinae. Acrachne is a genus within Eleusininae but not within Dactylocteniinae. Molecular evidence determined that Diplachne is not clustered with Leptochloa, which indicated that Diplachne should not be combined into Leptochloa. Cleistogenes is sister to a clade composed of Orinus and Triodia, whereas the recently proposed subtribe Orininae was not supported. Cynodonteae was estimated to have experienced rapid divergence within a short period, which could be a major obstacle in resolving its phylogenetic relationships. Ancestral state reconstructions of morphological characters showed that the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of Chloridoideae has a panicle, multiple florets in each spikelet, the peaked type of stomatal subsidiary cells, and a saddle-shaped phytoliths, while the ancestral morphological characters of Cynodonteae are the panicle, peaked type of stomatal subsidiary cells, sharp-cap cell typed and equal-base-cell microhair, and square-shaped phytoliths. Overall, plastome phylogenomics provides new insights into the phylogenetic relationships and morphological character evolution of Chloridoideae.

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Systematics of disakisperma (poaceae, chloridoideae, chlorideae).

Publications

Systematics of disakisperma (poaceae, chloridoideae, chlorideae).

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