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Average is optimal: an inverted-U relationship between trial-to-trial brain activity and behavioral performance.

ABSTRACT: It is well known that even under identical task conditions, there is a tremendous amount of trial-to-trial variability in both brain activity and behavioral output. Thus far the vast majority of event-related potential (ERP) studies investigating the relationship between trial-to-trial fluctuations in brain activity and behavioral performance have only tested a monotonic relationship between them. However, it was recently found that across-trial variability can correlate with behavioral performance independent of trial-averaged activity. This finding predicts a U- or inverted-U- shaped relationship between trial-to-trial brain activity and behavioral output, depending on whether larger brain variability is associated with better or worse behavior, respectively. Using a visual stimulus detection task, we provide evidence from human electrocorticography (ECoG) for an inverted-U brain-behavior relationship: When the raw fluctuation in broadband ECoG activity is closer to the across-trial mean, hit rate is higher and reaction times faster. Importantly, we show that this relationship is present not only in the post-stimulus task-evoked brain activity, but also in the pre-stimulus spontaneous brain activity, suggesting anticipatory brain dynamics. Our findings are consistent with the presence of stochastic noise in the brain. They further support attractor network theories, which postulate that the brain settles into a more confined state space under task performance, and proximity to the targeted trajectory is associated with better performance.

SUBMITTER: He BJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3820514 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Average is optimal: an inverted-U relationship between trial-to-trial brain activity and behavioral performance.

He Biyu J BJ Zempel John M JM

PLoS computational biology 20131107 11

It is well known that even under identical task conditions, there is a tremendous amount of trial-to-trial variability in both brain activity and behavioral output. Thus far the vast majority of event-related potential (ERP) studies investigating the relationship between trial-to-trial fluctuations in brain activity and behavioral performance have only tested a monotonic relationship between them. However, it was recently found that across-trial variability can correlate with behavioral performa ...[more]

PMID: 24244146

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Project description:IntroductionMany adults with overweight or obesity experience subclinical symptoms of depression, but little is known about how such symptoms are associated with physical activity (PA) or the experience of PA during behavioral weight loss (BWL) treatment.MethodsIn the current study, adults recruited from the community (N = 320) received 18 months of group-based BWL treatment and wore accelerometers at months 0, 6, and 18 to objectively measure PA. Participants with a mood disorder that was not well controlled were not eligible for the study and were referred for individual treatment. Depressive symptoms, PA barriers, discomfort avoidance, and self-control were self-reported with validated measures.ResultsAt baseline, the majority of participants indicated some depressive symptoms, mostly at subclinical levels. Results of multilevel models suggest that depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with concurrent measures of PA engagement (minutes/week) or sedentary behavior (minutes/week) at a given time point (i.e., baseline, 6 months, or 18 months). Results of cross-level interactions suggest that baseline depressive symptoms did not moderate the change in PA or sedentary behavior across time. Concurrent depressive symptoms and PA barriers were significantly and positively associated at a given time point (i.e., baseline, 6 months, or 18 months); however, baseline depressive symptoms did not moderate the improvement in perceived PA barriers across time. At baseline, higher discomfort avoidance and lower self-control each independently and partially mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms and PA barriers.ConclusionResults suggest that, among BWL samples in which most participants do not have clinically significant depressive symptoms, the likelihood of adopting and sustaining PA does not depend on the extent of depressive symptoms, but those with elevated symptoms may benefit from approaches that address their perception that engaging in PA is especially challenging.

Project description:PurposeObesity is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease; however, the impact of weight loss on cardiovascular health (CVH) in individuals with specific obesity patterns remains incompletely understood. The objective of our study was to investigate the relationship weight loss percentage and CVH scores across individuals with various obesity patterns.MethodsOur study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2007 and 2018, involving a total of 12,835 participants aged 16 years or older, to conduct a cross-sectional analysis. Multiple linear regression and multinomial logistic regression methods were used to assess the correlation between the weight loss percentage and the CVH scores. Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis was employed to examine the nonlinear relationship between the two variables.ResultsCompared to individuals with a weight loss percentage < 0%, participants with weight loss percentages of 0-5% and 5.1-10% showed improved CVH scores, with β values of 2.85 (95% CI 2.32-3.38) and 2.55 (95% CI 1.69-3.4), respectively. Regarding different obesity patterns, compared to participants with a weight loss percentage < 0%, participants with a weight loss percentage of 0-5% showed an increase in CVH scores in the normal weight and overweight/general obesity (OGO) groups, with β values of 1.45 (95% CI 0.7-2.19) and 1.22 (95% CI 0.46-1.97), respectively. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between the weight loss percentage and the CVH scores (with optimal CVH scores at 3%).ConclusionsThere was an inverted U-shaped relationship between weight loss percentage and CVH scores, with moderate weight loss (0-10%, optimal value of 3%) being associated with improved CVH scores, especially among individuals with OGO.Level vOpinions of respected authorities, based on descriptive studies, narrative reviews, clinical experience, or reports of expert committees.

Dataset Information

Average is optimal: an inverted-U relationship between trial-to-trial brain activity and behavioral performance.

Publications

Average is optimal: an inverted-U relationship between trial-to-trial brain activity and behavioral performance.

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