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2012 European thyroid association guidelines for metastatic medullary thyroid cancer.

ABSTRACT: Distant metastases are the main cause of death in patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). These 21 recommendations focus on MTC patients with distant metastases and a detailed follow-up protocol of patients with biochemical or imaging evidence of disease, selection criteria for treatment, and treatment modalities, including local and systemic treatments based on the results of recent trials. Asymptomatic patients with low tumor burden and stable disease may benefit from local treatment modalities and can be followed up at regular intervals of time. Imaging is usually performed every 6-12 months, or at longer intervals of time depending on the doubling times of serum calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen levels. Patients with symptoms, large tumor burden and progression on imaging should receive systemic treatment. Indeed, major progress has recently been achieved with novel targeted therapies using kinase inhibitors directed against RET and VEGFR, but further research is needed to improve the outcome of these patients.

SUBMITTER: Schlumberger M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3821456 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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2012 European thyroid association guidelines for metastatic medullary thyroid cancer.

Schlumberger M M Bastholt L L Dralle H H Jarzab B B Pacini F F Smit J W A JW

European thyroid journal 20120328 1

Distant metastases are the main cause of death in patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). These 21 recommendations focus on MTC patients with distant metastases and a detailed follow-up protocol of patients with biochemical or imaging evidence of disease, selection criteria for treatment, and treatment modalities, including local and systemic treatments based on the results of recent trials. Asymptomatic patients with low tumor burden and stable disease may benefit from local treatment mod ...[more]

PMID: 24782992

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Project description:The main subjects of discussion, held online within the ETA-CRN board invited 16 expert-panelists are shown. The ad hoc emerged ETA-CRN panel of experts (EPE) first congratulated Professor Kloos and the ATA Taskforce for the extensive work on medullary thyroid cancer, and appreciated discussing the ATA guidelines during the ETA-CRN meeting. As it was not possible for all experts to visit the meeting, they enclosed their comments in the online ETA forum. The overall intention was to evaluate certain discrepancies between the ATA guidelines and were biased European clinical practice.All discussants were aware that the ATA guidelines had followed evidence based medicine rules; however, it was intended to reach an European consensus in this matter. The results of online voting among the EPE are shown.We received answers from nine experts. The particular ATA guidelines devoted to the management of MTC ranged in agreement in 0/9 to 4/9. This did not reflect the general, good assessment of the guidelines, as of votes a set of questions.The strongest discrepancies were found in assessment of the usefulness of pentagastrin (Peptavlon®) stimulated calcitonin secretion. The majority of the EPE (5/9) chose an option: "the increase of the basal Ct >100 ng/L means the substantial risk of MTC. However, there should also have been a recommendation for the grey zone 10-100 ng/L, where stimulation with pentagastrin is useful. The cut-off to perform stimulation test at ? 15-20 ng/L and values >100 ng/L means a significant suspicion of MTC".Similarly, attention from the EPE was raised towards the surgical procedures in MTC, particularly the extent and indications for lymph node surgical intervention. Four questions were related to the indications to lymphadenectomy and extent of surgery. The equal number (4/8) of EPE agreed with the ATA R61 and half of the ETA-CRN panel of experts disagreed because the indications to lymphadenectomy (Lx) depended in their opinion on the tumors detected by the Ct screening, in which prophylactic Lx might not be necessary."Notwithstanding the evidence based guidelines, their final acceptation requires unrestricted discussion and consideration of differences in clinical practice and experience between countries".

Project description:Thyroid dysfunction (TD) frequently occurs as an autoimmune complication of immune reconstitution therapy (IRT), especially in individuals with multiple sclerosis treated with alemtuzumab, a pan-lymphocyte depleting drug with subsequent recovery of immune cell numbers. Less frequently, TD is triggered by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or patients undergoing bone-marrow/hematopoietic-stem-cell transplantation (BMT/HSCT). In both alemtuzumab-induced TD and HIV/HAART patients, the commonest disorder is Graves' disease (GD), followed by hypothyroidism and thyroiditis; Graves' orbitopathy is observed in some GD patients. On the contrary, GD is rare post-BMT/HSCT, where hypothyroidism predominates probably as a consequence of the associated radiation damage. In alemtuzumab-induced TD, the autoantibodies against the thyrotropin receptor (TRAb) play a major role, and 2 main aspects distinguish this condition from the spontaneous form: (1) up to 20% of GD cases exhibit a fluctuating course, with alternating phases of hyper- and hypothyroidism, due to the coexistence of TRAb with stimulating and blocking function; (2) TRAb are also positive in about 70% of hypothyroid patients, with blocking TRAb responsible for nearly half of the cases. The present guidelines will provide up-to-date recommendations and suggestions dedicated to all phases of IRT-induced TD: (1) screening before IRT (recommendations 1-3); (2) monitoring during/after IRT (recommendations 4-7); (3) management of TD post-IRT (recommendations 8-17). The clinical management of IRT-induced TD, and in particular GD, can be challenging. In these guidelines, we propose a summary algorithm which has particular utility for nonspecialist physicians and which is tailored toward management of alemtuzumab-induced TD. However, we recommend prompt referral to specialist endocrinology services following diagnosis of any IRT-induced TD diagnosis, and in particular for pregnant women and those considering pregnancy.

Project description:Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem, and differentiated thyroid cancer is becoming increasingly prevalent. Since the American Thyroid Association's (ATA's) guidelines for the management of these disorders were revised in 2009, significant scientific advances have occurred in the field. The aim of these guidelines is to inform clinicians, patients, researchers, and health policy makers on published evidence relating to the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer.The specific clinical questions addressed in these guidelines were based on prior versions of the guidelines, stakeholder input, and input of task force members. Task force panel members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database searching, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Published English language articles on adults were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians Guideline Grading System was used for critical appraisal of evidence and grading strength of recommendations for therapeutic interventions. We developed a similarly formatted system to appraise the quality of such studies and resultant recommendations. The guideline panel had complete editorial independence from the ATA. Competing interests of guideline task force members were regularly updated, managed, and communicated to the ATA and task force members.The revised guidelines for the management of thyroid nodules include recommendations regarding initial evaluation, clinical and ultrasound criteria for fine-needle aspiration biopsy, interpretation of fine-needle aspiration biopsy results, use of molecular markers, and management of benign thyroid nodules. Recommendations regarding the initial management of thyroid cancer include those relating to screening for thyroid cancer, staging and risk assessment, surgical management, radioiodine remnant ablation and therapy, and thyrotropin suppression therapy using levothyroxine. Recommendations related to long-term management of differentiated thyroid cancer include those related to surveillance for recurrent disease using imaging and serum thyroglobulin, thyroid hormone therapy, management of recurrent and metastatic disease, consideration for clinical trials and targeted therapy, as well as directions for future research.We have developed evidence-based recommendations to inform clinical decision-making in the management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. They represent, in our opinion, contemporary optimal care for patients with these disorders.

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2012 European thyroid association guidelines for metastatic medullary thyroid cancer.

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2012 European thyroid association guidelines for metastatic medullary thyroid cancer.

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