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Children with severe early childhood caries: pilot study examining mutans streptococci genotypic strains after full-mouth caries restorative therapy.

ABSTRACT: PURPOSE:Genotypic strains of mutans streptococci (MS) may vary in important virulence properties and be differentially affected by specific components of full-mouth caries restorative therapy. The purpose of this pilot study was to identify mutans streptococci strains that predominate following caries restorative therapy. METHODS:Plaque from 7 children with severe early childhood caries was collected before and following therapy. MS isolates (N=828) were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and arbitrarily primed-PCR (AP-PCR) for assignment within MS strains. Determining the longitudinal changes in MS strain distribution over time within each patient required the isolation of larger numbers of isolates per patient, but from fewer patients. RESULTS:Up to 39 genotypic strains of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, and 7 genotypic strains of non-MS streptococci were identified by AP-PCR and 16S ribosomal rRNA gene sequencing. The number of MS strains isolated from each patient were 3 to 7 prior to treatment, diminishing to 1 to 2 dominant MS strains in most patients 6 months following therapy. CONCLUSIONS:Caries restorative therapy resulted in shifts of specific mutans streptococcus and non-mutans streptococcus strains. The implications are that caries restorative therapy affects the distribution of MS strains, and that well-accepted practices for caries prevention should be more closely examined for efficacy.

SUBMITTER: Palmer EA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3828076 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Mar-Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Children with severe early childhood caries: pilot study examining mutans streptococci genotypic strains after full-mouth caries restorative therapy.

Palmer Elizabeth A EA Nielsen Truman T Peirano Patricia P Nguyen Anna T AT Vo Alex A Nguyen Aivan A Jackson Stephen S Finlayson Tyler T Sauerwein Rebecca R Marsh Katie K Edwards Issac I Wilmot Beth B Engle John J Peterson John J Maier Tom T Machida Curtis A CA

Pediatric dentistry 20120301 2

<h4>Purpose</h4>Genotypic strains of mutans streptococci (MS) may vary in important virulence properties and be differentially affected by specific components of full-mouth caries restorative therapy. The purpose of this pilot study was to identify mutans streptococci strains that predominate following caries restorative therapy.<h4>Methods</h4>Plaque from 7 children with severe early childhood caries was collected before and following therapy. MS isolates (N=828) were subjected to polymerase c ...[more]

PMID: 22583870

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Project description:BackgroundThe review aims to determine the risk predictability of mutans streptococci in the development of carious lesions in children with primary dentition.MethodsLongitudinal observational studies with at least 6 months follow-up and evaluating mutans streptococci presence in caries-free children under 6 years of age for the development of any cavitated or non-cavitated carious lesion. Six databases and grey literature were searched without any restrictions. Risk of bias was evaluated using the New Castle Ottawa scale for longitudinal studies, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation using GRADEpro software. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effect (DerSimonian and Laird, DL) model, and heterogeneity was evaluated using tau-squared, I2 statistics and prediction interval. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the mutans streptococci presence at baseline and the caries development, according to the sample and methods used for the microbiological assessment and the length of follow-up of the studies. Publication bias was checked by funnel plot using a random effect (DerSimonian and Laird, DL) model.ResultsTwelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Four studies received a maximum of 9 stars, and among the remaining eight studies, six received 8 stars and the rest two studies were assigned 7 stars in the risk of bias scale. After pooling the results quantitatively, odds ratio (OR) was found to be 4.13 (95% CI: 3.33, 5.12), suggesting that children with mutans streptococci had 4 times higher odds of developing caries later (p < 0.001). Four studies were pooled to compare future caries experience among children with and without mutans streptococci at baseline, obtaining standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.33, 1.37), indicating a large effect (p < 0.001). Certainty of evidence was found to be moderate, and no publication bias was reported by the funnel plot criteria of symmetry.ConclusionsPresence of mutans streptococci in a preschool child is a risk predictor for future caries experience. Early identification of children with increased caries-risk may facilitate in implementation of appropriate preventive strategies.

Project description:BackgroundStreptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the main cariogenic bacteria for caries. It was found that the clinical strains of S. mutans isolated from caries active population have stronger cariogenic ability than the isolates from caries-free (CF) people. Previous studies have found that curcumin can inhibit biofilm formation of S. mutans UA159. The objective of this study is to explore the antibiofilm effect of curcumin on the clinical isolates of S. mutans from severe early childhood caries(SECC).ResultsThe isolates from SECC group had more biomass than CF group (t = 4.296, P < 0.001). The acidogenicity and aciduricity of the strains from two groups showed no significant difference. After treatment with curcumin, the viability of biofilm was reduced to 61.865% ± 7.108% in SECC and to 84.059% ± 10.227% in CF group at 24 h (P < 0.05). The net reduction of live bacteria and total bacteria in the SECC group was significantly higher than that of the CF group (live bacteria t = 3.305, P = 0.016; total bacteria t = 2.378, P = 0.045) at 5 min. For 24 h, the net reduction of live bacteria and total bacteria in the SECC group was significantly higher than that of the CF group (live bacteria t = 3.305, P = 0.016; total bacteria t = 2.378, P = 0.045). The reduction of biofilm thickness reduced significantly in 5 min (t = 4.110, P = 0.015) and in 24 h (t = 3.453, P = 0.014). Long-term (24 h) curcumin treatment inhibited the amount of EPS in SECC group from (25.980 ± 1.156) μm3/μm2 to (20.136 ± 1.042) μm3/μm2, the difference was statistically significant (t = 7.510, P < 0.001). The gene of gtfC, gtfD, ftf, gbpB, fruA and srtA in the CF group and the gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, ftf, gbpB, srtA in SECC group were respectively reduced after 5 min curcumin treatment. After 24 h treatment, the gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, ftf, gbpB, fruA and srtA in both two groups were downregulation, all the differences were statistically significant.ConclusionsCurcumin has antibiofilm activity on clinical strains of S. mutans, especially for those isolated from SECC.

Project description:AimEarly childhood caries is the most common chronic infectious disease in children in the United States. This study, which is part of a larger, longitudinal study exploring oral microbiological components of caries development in children, reports on the impact of total mutans streptococci (MS), total acid tolerant bacteria and Candida species on the development of dental caries in a subset of these children. Of particular interest was the relationship between caries development and co-colonization of mutans streptococci and Candida species.MethodsChildren between the ages of 12 and 47 months displaying no evidence of dental caries were recruited for a longitudinal study (n = 130). Twelve age- and gender-matched pairs were selected. In each pair, one child developed caries during the study, and one did not. Whole mouth plaque samples were collected by swab at baseline and every 6 months thereafter for a duration of 18 months and spiral plated for microbial counts (CFU/ml). Cut-offs based on percent of total cultivable flora were designated for all microbial measures. A scoring system designated the Plaque Microbial Index (PMI) was developed for use in statistical analyses to assess potential predictive factors for caries risk assessment.ResultsChildren who developed caries were significantly more likely to harbor higher percentages of acid tolerant bacteria (p = 0.003), MS (p < 0.001) and have Candida species present (p < 0.001) at ≥1 visit leading up to caries onset. Mean PMI scores derived from the aforementioned microbial measures, were higher for caries active children than caries free children (p = 0.000147). Co-colonization of MS and Candida species was significantly associated with caries development (p < 0.001) and detection of both at the same visit had a 100% positive predictive value and 60% negative predictive value for caries development.ConclusionIn children who developed caries, there was a statistically significant association with the percent of total flora that was acid tolerant, the percent of MS, the presence of Candida and co-colonization of MS and Candida species. Combining these microbial measures into PMI scores further delineated children who developed caries from those who remained caries-free. These microbiological measures show potential as predictive factors and risk assessment tools for caries development.

Dataset Information

Children with severe early childhood caries: pilot study examining mutans streptococci genotypic strains after full-mouth caries restorative therapy.

Publications

Children with severe early childhood caries: pilot study examining mutans streptococci genotypic strains after full-mouth caries restorative therapy.

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