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Double-targeting using a TrkC ligand conjugated to dipyrrometheneboron difluoride (BODIPY) based photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent.

ABSTRACT: A molecule 1 (IY-IY-PDT) was designed to contain a fragment (IY-IY) that targets the TrkC receptor and a photosensitizer that acts as an agent for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Molecule 1 had submicromolar photocytotoxicities to cells that were engineered to stably express TrkC (NIH3T3-TrkC) or that naturally express high levels of TrkC (SY5Y neuroblastoma lines). Control experiments showed that 1 is not cytotoxic in the dark and has significantly less photocytotoxicity toward cells that do not express TrkC (NIH3T3-WT). Other controls featuring a similar agent 2 (YI-YI-PDT), which is identical and isomeric with 1 except that the targeting region is scrambled (a YI-YI motif, see text), showed that 1 is considerably more photocytotoxic than 2 on TrkC(+) cells. Imaging live TrkC(+) cells after treatment with a fluorescent agent 1 (IY-IY-PDT) proved that 1 permeates into TrkC(+) cells and is localized in the lysosomes. This observation indirectly indicates that agent 1 enters the cells via the TrkC receptor. Consistent with this, the dose-dependent PDT effects of 1 can be competitively reduced by the natural TrkC ligand, neurotrophin NT3.

SUBMITTER: Kamkaew A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3837628 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Double-targeting using a TrkC ligand conjugated to dipyrrometheneboron difluoride (BODIPY) based photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent.

Kamkaew Anyanee A Burgess Kevin K

Journal of medicinal chemistry 20130924 19

A molecule 1 (IY-IY-PDT) was designed to contain a fragment (IY-IY) that targets the TrkC receptor and a photosensitizer that acts as an agent for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Molecule 1 had submicromolar photocytotoxicities to cells that were engineered to stably express TrkC (NIH3T3-TrkC) or that naturally express high levels of TrkC (SY5Y neuroblastoma lines). Control experiments showed that 1 is not cytotoxic in the dark and has significantly less photocytotoxicity toward cells that do not ex ...[more]

PMID: 24063347

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Project description:BackgroundCandida albicans is the most prevalent fungal pathogen of the human microbiota, causing infections ranging from superficial infections of the skin to life-threatening systemic infections. Due to the increasing occurrence of antibiotic-resistant C. albicans strains, new approaches to control this pathogen are needed. Photodynamic inactivation is an emerging alternative to treat infections based on the interactions between visible light and photosensitisers, in which pheophorbide a (PPA) is a chlorophyll-based photosensitizer that could induce cell death after light irradiation. Due to PPA's phototoxicity and low efficiency, the main challenge is to implement photosensitizer cell targeting and attacking.MethodsIn this study, PPA was conjugated with JM-phage by EDC/NHS crosslinking. UV-Vis spectra was used to determine the optimum conjugation percentages of PPA and JM-phage complex for photodynamic inactivation. After photodynamic inactivation, the efficacy of PPA-JM-phage was assessed by performing in vitro experiments, such as MTS assay, scanning electron microscopy, measurement of dysfunctional mitochondria, ROS accumulation, S cell arrest and apoptotic pathway.ResultsA single-chain variable-fragment phage (JM) with high affinity to MP65 was screened from human single-fold single-chain variable-fragment libraries and designed as a binding target for C. albicans cells. Subsequently, PPa was integrated into JM phage to generate a combined nanoscale material, which was called PPA-JM-phage. After photodynamic inactivation, the growth of C. albicans was inhibited by PPA-JM-phage and apoptosis was observed. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed shrinking and rupturing of C. albicans. We also found that depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were elevated significantly in C. albicans inhibited by PPA-JM-phage. Additionally, PPA-JM-phage also lead to S-phase arrest, and metacaspase activation resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction was also found to be involved in C. albicans apoptosis.ConclusionPPa-JM-phage may induce C. albicans apoptosis through a caspase-dependent pathway and the results herein shed light on the potential application of phtototherapeutic nanostructures in fungal inactivation.

Dataset Information

Double-targeting using a TrkC ligand conjugated to dipyrrometheneboron difluoride (BODIPY) based photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent.

Publications

Double-targeting using a TrkC ligand conjugated to dipyrrometheneboron difluoride (BODIPY) based photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent.

Similar Datasets

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