Dataset Information

Nucleotide diversity and haplotype structure of the human angiotensinogen gene in two populations.

ABSTRACT: Variation in the angiotensinogen gene, AGT, has been associated with variation in plasma angiotensinogen levels. In addition, the T235M polymorphism in the AGT product is associated with an increased risk of essential hypertension in multiple populations, making AGT a good example of a quantitative-trait locus underlying susceptibility to a common disease. To better understand genetic variation in AGT, we sequenced a 14.4-kb genomic region spanning the entire AGT and identified 44 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Forty-two SNPs were observed both in 88 white and in 77 Japanese unselected subjects. Six major haplotypes accounted for most of the variation in this region, indicating less allelic complexity than in many other genomic regions. Although the two populations were found to share all of the major AGT haplotypes, there were substantial differences in haplotype frequencies. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD), measured by the D', r(2), and d(2) statistics, demonstrated a general pattern of decline with increasing distance, but, as expected in a small genomic region, individual LD values were highly variable. LD between T235M and each of the other 39 SNPs was assessed in order to model the usefulness of LD to detect a disease-associated mutation. Among the Japanese subjects, 13 (33%) of the SNPs had r(2) values >0.1, whereas this statistic was substantially higher for the white subjects (occurring in 35/39 [90%]). LD between a hypertension-associated promoter mutation, A-6G, and 39 SNPs was also measured. Similar results were obtained, with 33% of the SNPs showing r(2)>0.1 in the Japanese subjects and 92% of the SNPs showing r(2)>0.1 in the white subjects. This difference, which occurs despite an overall similarity in LD patterns in the two populations, reflects a much higher frequency of the M235-associated haplotype in the white sample. These results have important implications for the usefulness of LD approaches in the mapping of genes underlying susceptibility to complex diseases.

SUBMITTER: Nakajima T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC384882 | biostudies-literature | 2002 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nucleotide diversity and haplotype structure of the human angiotensinogen gene in two populations.

Nakajima Toshiaki T Jorde Lynn B LB Ishigami Tomoaki T Umemura Satoshi S Emi Mitsuru M Lalouel Jean-Marc JM Inoue Ituro I

American journal of human genetics 20011130 1

Variation in the angiotensinogen gene, AGT, has been associated with variation in plasma angiotensinogen levels. In addition, the T235M polymorphism in the AGT product is associated with an increased risk of essential hypertension in multiple populations, making AGT a good example of a quantitative-trait locus underlying susceptibility to a common disease. To better understand genetic variation in AGT, we sequenced a 14.4-kb genomic region spanning the entire AGT and identified 44 single-nucleot ...[more]

PMID: 11731937

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Project description:BackgroundThe renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in regulating blood pressure and controlling sodium levels in the blood. Hyperactivity of this system has been linked to numerous conditions including hypertension, kidney disease, and congestive heart failure. Three classes of drugs have been developed to inhibit RAS. In this study, we provide a structure-based analysis of the effect of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) on the interaction between renin and angiotensinogen with the aim of revealing important residues and potentially damaging variants for further inhibitor design purposes.ObjectivesTo identify SNVs that have functional and potentially damaging effects on the renin-angiotensinogen complex and to use computational approaches to investigate how SNVs might have damaging effects.MethodsA comprehensive set of all known SNVs in the renin and angiotensinogen proteins was extracted from the HUMA database. This dataset was filtered by removing synonymous and missense variants and using the VAPOR pipeline to predict which variants were likely to be deleterious. Variants in the filtered dataset were modeled into the renin-angiotensinogen complex using MODELLER and subjected to molecular dynamics simulations using GROMACS. The residue interaction networks of the resultant trajectories were analyzed using graph theory.ConclusionsThis research identified important SNVs in the interface of RAS and showed how they might affect the function of the proteins. For instance, the mutant complex containing the variant P40L in angiotensinogen caused instability in the complex, indicating that this mutation plays an important role in disrupting the interaction between renin and angiotensinogen. The mutant complex containing the SNV A188V in renin was shown to have significantly increased fluctuation in the residue interaction networks. D104N in renin, associated with renal tubular dysgenesis, caused increased rigidity in the protein complex comparison to the wild type, which probably in turn negatively affects the function of RAS.

Dataset Information

Nucleotide diversity and haplotype structure of the human angiotensinogen gene in two populations.

Publications

Nucleotide diversity and haplotype structure of the human angiotensinogen gene in two populations.

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