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Comparative phylogeography of two sympatric beeches in subtropical China: Species-specific geographic mosaic of lineages.

ABSTRACT: In subtropical China, large-scale phylogeographic comparisons among multiple sympatric plants with similar ecological preferences are scarce, making generalizations about common response to historical events necessarily tentative. A phylogeographic comparison of two sympatric Chinese beeches (Fagus lucida and F. longipetiolata, 21 and 28 populations, respectively) was conducted to test whether they have responded to historical events in a concerted fashion and to determine whether their phylogeographic structure is exclusively due to Quaternary events or it is also associated with pre-Quaternary events. Twenty-three haplotypes were recovered for F. lucida and F. longipetiolata (14 each one and five shared). Both species exhibited a species-specific mosaic distribution of haplotypes, with many of them being range-restricted and even private to populations. The two beeches had comparable total haplotype diversity but F. lucida had much higher within-population diversity than F. longipetiolata. Molecular dating showed that the time to most recent common ancestor of all haplotypes was 6.36 Ma, with most haplotypes differentiating during the Quaternary. [Correction added on 14 October 2013, after first online publication: the timeunit has been corrected to '6.36'.] Our results support a late Miocene origin and southwards colonization of Chinese beeches when the aridity in Central Asia intensified and the monsoon climate began to dominate the East Asia. During the Quaternary, long-term isolation in subtropical mountains of China coupled with limited gene flow would have lead to the current species-specific mosaic distribution of lineages.

SUBMITTER: Zhang ZY

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3856746 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Comparative phylogeography of two sympatric beeches in subtropical China: Species-specific geographic mosaic of lineages.

Zhang Zhi-Yong ZY Wu Rong R Wang Qun Q Zhang Zhi-Rong ZR López-Pujol Jordi J Fan Deng-Mei DM Li De-Zhu DZ

Ecology and evolution 20131011 13

In subtropical China, large-scale phylogeographic comparisons among multiple sympatric plants with similar ecological preferences are scarce, making generalizations about common response to historical events necessarily tentative. A phylogeographic comparison of two sympatric Chinese beeches (Fagus lucida and F. longipetiolata, 21 and 28 populations, respectively) was conducted to test whether they have responded to historical events in a concerted fashion and to determine whether their phylogeo ...[more]

PMID: 24340187

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Project description:Continental islands are useful models to explore the roles of shared historical factors in the evolution of sympatric species. However, China's largest continental group of islands, the Zhoushan Archipelago, was neglected by most studies focusing on biodiversity hotspots. Here we investigated the phylogeographic patterns and the historical demography of two sympatric hemipteran insects (Geisha distinctissima and Megacopta cribraria), which shared historical factors in the Zhoushan Archipelago. The results based on mtDNA (COX1, COX2-COX3, and CYTB) and nDNA (28S and ITS2) showed that G. distinctissima diverged into three genetic lineages (L1-L3) ~8.9-13.7 thousand years ago (kya), which coincided with the period of island isolation. However, the three lineages exhibit no clear phylogeographic patterns for frequent asymmetrical gene flow (starting around 5 kya) from the mainland and adjacent islands to other distant islands due to subsequent human activities. In contrast, only one genetic lineage exists for M. cribraria, without any phylogeographic structures. The ancestral range in the mainland as well as in neighboring islands, together with the frequent asymmetrical gene flow of M. cribraria (from the mainland and neighboring islands to more distant islands) within the last 5000 years suggests that human activities may have lead to the colonization of this species in the Zhoushan Archipelago. The contrasting genetic structures indicate shared historical factors but independent evolutionary histories for the two sympatric species in the Zhoushan Archipelago. Our demographic analysis clearly showed that both species underwent population expansion before 5 kya during the post-LGM (Last Glacial Maximum), which indicates that the two species shared concordant historical demographies. This result suggests that the population size of the two species was affected similarly by the climatic oscillations of post-LGM in Eastern China. Together, our findings reveal that the two insect species in the Zhoushan Archipelago exhibit contrasting genetic structures despite concordant historical demographies, which provides an important framework for the exploration of the evolution patterns of sympatric species in the continental island.

Dataset Information

Comparative phylogeography of two sympatric beeches in subtropical China: Species-specific geographic mosaic of lineages.

Publications

Comparative phylogeography of two sympatric beeches in subtropical China: Species-specific geographic mosaic of lineages.

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