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Overexpression of E2F3 promotes proliferation of functional human ? cells without induction of apoptosis.

ABSTRACT: The mechanisms that control proliferation, or lack thereof, in adult human ? cells are poorly understood. Controlled induction of proliferation could dramatically expand the clinical application of islet cell transplantation and represents an important component of regenerative approaches to a functional cure of diabetes. Adult human ? cells are particularly resistant to common proliferative targets and often dedifferentiate during proliferation. Here we show that expression of the transcription factor E2F3 has a role in regulating ?-cell quiescence and proliferation. We found human islets have virtually no expression of the pro-proliferative G 1/S transcription factors E2F1-3, but an abundance of inhibitory E2Fs 4-6. In proliferative human insulinomas, inhibitory E2Fs were absent, while E2F3 is expressed. Using this pattern as a "roadmap" for proliferation, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of nuclear E2F3 induced significant expansion of insulin-positive cells in both rat and human islets. These cells did not undergo apoptosis and retained their glucose-responsive insulin secretion, showing the ability to reverse diabetes in mice. Our results suggest that E2F4-6 may help maintain quiescence in human ? cells and identify E2F3 as a novel target to induce proliferation of functional ? cells. Refinement of this approach may increase the islets available for cell-based therapies and research and could provide important cues for understanding in vivo proliferation of ? cells.

SUBMITTER: Rady B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3865059 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Overexpression of E2F3 promotes proliferation of functional human β cells without induction of apoptosis.

Rady Brian B Chen Yanmei Y Vaca Pilar P Wang Qian Q Wang Yong Y Salmon Patrick P Oberholzer José J

Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) 20130729 16

The mechanisms that control proliferation, or lack thereof, in adult human β cells are poorly understood. Controlled induction of proliferation could dramatically expand the clinical application of islet cell transplantation and represents an important component of regenerative approaches to a functional cure of diabetes. Adult human β cells are particularly resistant to common proliferative targets and often dedifferentiate during proliferation. Here we show that expression of the transcription ...[more]

PMID: 23907129

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Project description:Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent post-transcriptional modification presented in messenger RNA (mRNA) of eukaryotic organisms. Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is characterised by excessive proliferation and insufficient apoptosis of human glomerular mesangial cells (HGMCs) but its underlying pathogenesis remains undefined. Moreover, the role of m6A in CGN is poorly understood. Methods: The total level of m6A modification was detected using the m6A quantification assay (Colorimetric). Cell proliferation was assessed by EdU cell proliferation assay, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. RNA sequencing was performed to screen the downstream target of fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO). MeRIP-qPCR was conducted to detect the m6A level of forkhead box o6 (FOXO6) in HGMCs. RIP assay was utilized to indicate the targeting relationship between YTH domain family 3 (YTHDF3) and FOXO6. Actinomycin D assay was used to investigate the stability of FOXO6 in HGMCs. Results: The study found that the expression of FTO was significantly reduced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HGMCs and renal biopsy samples of patients with CGN. Moreover, FTO overexpression and knockdown could regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of HGMCs. Furthermore, RNA sequencing and cellular experiments revealed FOXO6 as a downstream target of FTO in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of HGMCs. Mechanistically, FTO overexpression decreases the level of FOXO6 m6A modification and reduces the stability of FOXO6 mRNA in a YTHDF3-dependent manner. Additionally, the decreased expression of FOXO6 inhibits the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and promoting apoptosis of HGMCs. Conclusion: This study offers insights into the mechanism through which FTO regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of HGMCs by mediating m6A modification of FOXO6 mRNA. These findings also suggest FTO as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for CGN.

Dataset Information

Overexpression of E2F3 promotes proliferation of functional human ? cells without induction of apoptosis.

Publications

Overexpression of E2F3 promotes proliferation of functional human β cells without induction of apoptosis.

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