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Biosynthesis and expression of a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase domain with thrombospondin-1 repeats-15: a novel versican-cleaving proteoglycanase.

ABSTRACT: The proteoglycanase clade of the ADAMTS superfamily shows preferred proteolytic activity toward the hyalectan/lectican proteoglycans as follows: aggrecan, brevican, neurocan, and versican. ADAMTS15, a member of this clade, was recently identified as a putative tumor suppressor gene in colorectal and breast cancer. However, its biosynthesis, substrate specificity, and tissue expression are poorly described. Therefore, we undertook a detailed study of this proteinase and its expression. We report propeptide processing of the ADAMTS15 zymogen by furin activity, identifying RAKR(212)? as a major furin cleavage site within the prodomain. ADAMTS15 was localized on the cell surface, activated extracellularly, and required propeptide processing before cleaving V1 versican at position (441)E?A(442). In the mouse embryo, Adamts15 was expressed in the developing heart at E10.5 and E11.5 days post-coitum and in the musculoskeletal system from E13.5 to E15.5 days post-coitum, where it was co-localized with hyaluronan. Adamts15 was also highly expressed in several structures within the adult mouse colon. Our findings show overlapping sites of Adamts15 expression with other members of ADAMTS proteoglycanases during embryonic development, suggesting possible cooperative roles during embryogenesis, consistent with other ADAMTS proteoglycanase combinatorial knock-out mouse models. Collectively, these data suggest a role for ADAMTS15 in a wide range of biological processes that are potentially mediated through the processing of versican.

SUBMITTER: Dancevic CM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3873579 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Biosynthesis and expression of a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase domain with thrombospondin-1 repeats-15: a novel versican-cleaving proteoglycanase.

Dancevic Carolyn M CM Fraser Fiona W FW Smith Adam D AD Stupka Nicole N Ward Alister C AC McCulloch Daniel R DR

The Journal of biological chemistry 20131112 52

The proteoglycanase clade of the ADAMTS superfamily shows preferred proteolytic activity toward the hyalectan/lectican proteoglycans as follows: aggrecan, brevican, neurocan, and versican. ADAMTS15, a member of this clade, was recently identified as a putative tumor suppressor gene in colorectal and breast cancer. However, its biosynthesis, substrate specificity, and tissue expression are poorly described. Therefore, we undertook a detailed study of this proteinase and its expression. We report ...[more]

PMID: 24220035

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Project description:ObjectiveA disintegrin and metallopeptidase with thrombospondin motifs type 8 (ADAMTS8) is crucial for diverse physiological processes, such as inflammation, tissue morphogenesis, and tumorigenesis. The chicken ADAMTS8 (chADAMTS8) gene was differentially expressed in the kidney following exposure to different calcium concentrations, suggesting a pathological role of this protein in metabolic diseases. We aimed to examine the molecular characteristics of chADAMTS8 and analyze the gene-expression differences in response to toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) stimulation.MethodsThe ADAMTS8 mRNA and amino acid sequences of various species (chicken, duck, cow, mouse, rat, human, chimpanzee, pig, and horse) were retrieved from the Ensembl database and subjected to bioinformatics analyses. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) experiments were performed with various chicken tissues and the chicken fibroblast DF-1 cell line, which was stimulated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly[I:C]; a TLR3 ligand).ResultsThe chADAMTS8 gene was predicted to contain three thrombospondin type 1 (TSP1) domains, whose amino acid sequences shared homology among the different species, whereas sequences outside the TSP1 domains (especially the amino-terminal region) were very difffferent. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that chADAMTS8 is evolutionarily clustered in the same clade with that of the duck. chADAMTS8 mRNA was broadly expressed in chicken tissues, and the expression was significantly up-regulated in the DF-1 cells in response to poly(I:C) stimulation (p<0.05). These results showed that chADAMTS8 may be a target gene for TLR3 signaling.ConclusionIn this report, the genetic information of chADAMTS8 gene, its expression in chicken tissues, and chicken DF-1 cells under the stimulation of TLR3 were shown. The result suggests that chADAMTS8 expression may be induced by viral infection and correlated with TLR3-mediated signaling pathway. Further study of the function of chADAMTS8 during TLR3-dependent inflammation (which represents RNA viral infection) is needed and it will also be important to examine the molecular mechanisms during different regulation, depending on innate immune receptor activation.

Project description:Aims:Endothelial hyperpermeability exacerbates multiple organ damage during inflammation or infection. The endothelial glycocalyx, a protective matrix covering the luminal surface of endothelial cells (ECs), undergoes enzymatic shedding during inflammation, contributing to barrier hyperpermeability. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 15 (ADAM15) is a sheddase capable of cleaving the ectodomains of membrane-bound molecules. Herein, we tested whether and how ADAM15 is involved in glycocalyx shedding and vascular leakage during sepsis. Methods and results:Dextran-150kD exclusion assay revealed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly reduced glycocalyx thickness in mouse cremaster microvessels. Consistently, shedding products of glycocalyx constituents, including CD44 ectodomain, were detected with an increased plasma level after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. The direct effects of CD44 ectodomain on endothelial barrier function were evaluated, which revealed CD44 ectodomain dose-dependently reduced transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) and caused cell-cell adherens junction disorganization. Furthermore, we examined the role of ADAM15 in CD44 cleavage and glycocalyx shedding. An in vitro cleavage assay coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmed ADAM15 cleaved CD44 at His235-Thr236 bond. In ECs with ADAM15 knockdown, LPS-induced CD44 cleavage and TER reduction were greatly attenuated, whereas, ADAM15 overexpression exacerbated CD44 cleavage and TER response to LPS. Consistently, ADAM15 knockout in mice attenuated CLP-induced increase in plasma CD44. Intravital and electron microscopic images revealed ADAM15 deficiency prevented LPS-induced glycocalyx injury in cremaster and pulmonary microvasculatures. Functionally, ADAM15-/- mice with better-preserved glycocalyx exhibited resistance to LPS-induced vascular leakage, as evidenced by reduced albumin extravasation in pulmonary and mesenteric vessels. Importantly, in intact, functionally vital human lungs, perfusion of LPS induced a significant up-regulation of ADAM15, accompanied by elevated CD44 in the effluent and increased vascular permeability to albumin. Conclusion:Together, our data support the critical role of ADAM15 in mediating vascular barrier dysfunction during inflammation. Its mechanisms of action involve CD44 shedding and endothelial glycocalyx injury.

Dataset Information

Biosynthesis and expression of a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase domain with thrombospondin-1 repeats-15: a novel versican-cleaving proteoglycanase.

Publications

Biosynthesis and expression of a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase domain with thrombospondin-1 repeats-15: a novel versican-cleaving proteoglycanase.

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