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Arthroscopic distal tibial allograft augmentation for posterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss.

ABSTRACT: Glenoid bone loss is commonly associated with recurrent shoulder instability. Failure to recognize and appropriately address it can lead to poor outcomes. Numerous studies have found anterior-inferior glenoid bone loss in the setting of recurrent anterior instability. Though much less common, posterior shoulder instability can be seen in the setting of acute trauma, epilepsy, electrocution, and alcoholism. Heightened awareness has led to recognition in collision athletes as well. Posterior glenoid bone loss must be addressed in a similar fashion to anterior glenoid bone loss to prevent recurrent instability. Open bone augmentation procedures have been described with successful results. In this technical note, we describe an arthroscopic technique using fresh distal tibial allograft for posterior glenoid augmentation. In addition, a current review regarding the diagnosis and management of recurrent posterior shoulder instability is provided.

SUBMITTER: Gupta AK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3882716 | biostudies-literature | 2013

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Arthroscopic distal tibial allograft augmentation for posterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss.

Gupta Anil K AK Chalmers Peter N PN Klosterman Emma E Harris Joshua D JD Provencher Matthew T MT Romeo Anthony A AA

Arthroscopy techniques 20131010 4

Glenoid bone loss is commonly associated with recurrent shoulder instability. Failure to recognize and appropriately address it can lead to poor outcomes. Numerous studies have found anterior-inferior glenoid bone loss in the setting of recurrent anterior instability. Though much less common, posterior shoulder instability can be seen in the setting of acute trauma, epilepsy, electrocution, and alcoholism. Heightened awareness has led to recognition in collision athletes as well. Posterior gleno ...[more]

PMID: 24400190

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Project description:Background:The results of arthroscopic anterior labral repair have demonstrated high failure rates in patients with significant glenoid bone loss. Several reconstruction procedures using a bone graft have been developed to overcome bone loss. Purpose:The primary objective of this study was to generate a safety profile for arthroscopic anatomic glenoid reconstruction using a distal tibial allograft. The secondary objective was to evaluate the radiological outcomes of patients who underwent this procedure. Study Design:Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods:This retrospective review included the medical charts and diagnostic images of 42 consecutive patients who underwent arthroscopic shoulder stabilization by means of capsule-labral reattachment and bony augmentation with a distal tibial allograft. The safety profile was measured by detecting intraoperative or postoperative complications, including neurovascular (nerves and blood vessels) injuries, bleeding, infections, and dislocations. A radiological evaluation was conducted by assessing computed tomography (CT) scans obtained preoperatively and at approximately 6 months postoperatively. Results:A total of 42 patients (29 male, 13 female) with a mean age of 26.73 ± 9.01 years were included. An excellent safety profile was observed, with no intraoperative complications, neurovascular injuries, adverse events, bleeding, or infections. CT bone scans were obtained for 31 patients, and the mean follow-up for CT scanning (to measure resorption and union) was 6.31 ± 1.20 months (range, 6-7.5 months). There were no cases of nonunion or partial union. Thirteen patients (42%) had no resorption, whereas 13 (42%) and 5 (16%) patents had <50% and ≥50% resorption, respectively. Conclusion:Arthroscopic shoulder stabilization with distal tibial allograft reconstruction is a safe operative procedure with a minimal risk to neurovascular structures. Most patients had a healed allograft, but 16% of patients had ≥50% resorption on CT at 6 months. Studies with a longer follow-up are recommended for better assessment of the safety profile.

Project description:BackgroundDistal tibia allograft reconstruction of the glenoid in shoulder instability has garnered significant attention over the last decade. Prior studies demonstrate significant improvement in all reported patient outcomes albeit the approach is through a subscapularis split. There have not been prior studies evaluating outcomes after lesser tuberosity osteotomy which provides excellent exposure to the anterior glenoid.We hypothesize there is significant improvement in functional outcomes and no deleterious effects after lesser tuberosity osteotomy for distal tibia allograft reconstruction of the glenoid for shoulder instability.MethodsA retrospective review was performed from 2016 of 2019 of patients undergoing distal tibia allograft reconstruction of the glenoid through a lesser tuberosity osteotomy. Patients were indicated if they had recurrent anterior shoulder instability with >20% glenoid bone loss and evidence of an off-track lesion. Clinical, imaging, and operative data were evaluated. Objective follow-up data evaluated at minimum 2 years included radiographs, range of motion, DASH, SANE, VAS, SST, ASES, and Constant scores.ResultsA total of 12 patients were available with average follow-up 28 months, average age 26 years old, and average glenoid bone loss of 33%. The patients demonstrated significant improvement in their clinical outcomes at final follow-up: DASH 42.9-8.9 (P = .004), SANE 32.2-85 (P = .00005), VAS 4.6-1.1 (P = .003), SST 7-11.4 (P = .01), ASES 50.2-90.5 (P = .001), and Constant 37.6-86.2 (P = .01). Range of motion at final follow-up was forward flexion to 161.4° (135-170°), external rotation 49.5° (40-65°), and internal rotation to T12-L1 (T7-L2) vertebral body.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates the effectiveness of a lesser tuberosity osteotomy in exposure of the glenoid for reconstruction with a distal tibia allograft. The functional integrity of the subscapularis is maintained and the patient-reported outcomes are comparable with current literature.

Dataset Information

Arthroscopic distal tibial allograft augmentation for posterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss.

Publications

Arthroscopic distal tibial allograft augmentation for posterior shoulder instability with glenoid bone loss.

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