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Androgen receptor signaling regulates DNA repair in prostate cancers.

ABSTRACT: UNLABELLED:We demonstrate that the androgen receptor (AR) regulates a transcriptional program of DNA repair genes that promotes prostate cancer radioresistance, providing a potential mechanism by which androgen deprivation therapy synergizes with ionizing radiation. Using a model of castration-resistant prostate cancer, we show that second-generation antiandrogen therapy results in downregulation of DNA repair genes. Next, we demonstrate that primary prostate cancers display a significant spectrum of AR transcriptional output, which correlates with expression of a set of DNA repair genes. Using RNA-seq and ChIP-seq, we define which of these DNA repair genes are both induced by androgen and represent direct AR targets. We establish that prostate cancer cells treated with ionizing radiation plus androgen demonstrate enhanced DNA repair and decreased DNA damage and furthermore that antiandrogen treatment causes increased DNA damage and decreased clonogenic survival. Finally, we demonstrate that antiandrogen treatment results in decreased classical nonhomologous end-joining. SIGNIFICANCE:We demonstrate that the AR regulates a network of DNA repair genes, providing a potential mechanism by which androgen deprivation synergizes with radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

SUBMITTER: Polkinghorn WR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3888815 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Androgen receptor signaling regulates DNA repair in prostate cancers.

Polkinghorn William R WR Parker Joel S JS Lee Man X MX Kass Elizabeth M EM Spratt Daniel E DE Iaquinta Phillip J PJ Arora Vivek K VK Yen Wei-Feng WF Cai Ling L Zheng Deyou D Carver Brett S BS Chen Yu Y Watson Philip A PA Shah Neel P NP Fujisawa Sho S Goglia Alexander G AG Gopalan Anuradha A Hieronymus Haley H Wongvipat John J Scardino Peter T PT Zelefsky Michael J MJ Jasin Maria M Chaudhuri Jayanta J Powell Simon N SN Sawyers Charles L CL

Cancer discovery 20130911 11

<h4>Unlabelled</h4>We demonstrate that the androgen receptor (AR) regulates a transcriptional program of DNA repair genes that promotes prostate cancer radioresistance, providing a potential mechanism by which androgen deprivation therapy synergizes with ionizing radiation. Using a model of castration-resistant prostate cancer, we show that second-generation antiandrogen therapy results in downregulation of DNA repair genes. Next, we demonstrate that primary prostate cancers display a significan ...[more]

PMID: 24027196

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Project description:Myeloid cells are critical cells involved in the orchestration of innate and adaptive immune responses. Most myeloid cells derive from the adult bone marrow in a process called myelopoiesis, a tightly controlled process that ensures constant production of myeloid cells. Sex differences in myeloid cell development have been observed; males exhibit greater monocytic differentiation in the bone marrow, and men have increased blood monocyte numbers when compared to women. Here we use a genetic mouse model of myeloid androgen receptor (AR) knockout (MARKO) and pharmacological inhibition of AR to investigate the role of androgen signaling in monocytic differentiation. We observe that although myeloid AR signaling does not influence total bone marrow cell numbers, it does affect the composition of the bone marrow myeloid population in both homeostatic and emergency settings. Genetic deletion of AR in myeloid cells led to reduced monocytic development in vivo. Similarly, pharmacologic inhibition of AR signaling in vitro reduced monocytic development. However, alteration in monocytic differentiation in the absence of AR signaling did not lead to reduced numbers of circulating myeloid cells, although MARKO male mice display reduced ratio of classical to non-classical monocytes in the blood, implying that blood monocyte subsets are skewed upon myeloid AR deletion. Our results suggest that the sex differences observed in monocytic differentiation are partly attributed to the positive role of the androgen-AR axis in regulating monocytic development directly at the myeloid cell level. Furthermore, we have identified a novel role for AR in regulating blood mature monocyte subset turnover. Investigating how androgen signaling affects monocytic development and monocyte subset heterogeneity will advance our understanding of sex differences in monocytic function at homeostasis and disease and can ultimately impact future therapeutic design targeting monocytes in the clinic.

Project description:Purpose To determine whether cotargeting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 plus androgen receptor is superior to androgen receptor inhibition in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and whether ETS fusions predict response. Patients and Methods Patients underwent metastatic site biopsy and were stratified by ETS status and randomly assigned to abiraterone plus prednisone without (arm A) or with veliparib (arm B). Primary objectives were: confirmed prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate (RR) and whether ETS fusions predicted response. Secondary objectives were: safety, measurable disease RR (mRR), progression-free survival (PFS), and molecular biomarker analysis. A total of 148 patients were randomly assigned to detect a 20% PSA RR improvement. Results A total of 148 patients with mCRPC were randomly assigned: arm A, n = 72; arm B, n = 76. There were no differences in PSA RR (63.9% v 72.4%; P = .27), mRR (45.0% v 52.2%; P = .51), or median PFS (10.1 v 11 months; P = .99). ETS fusions did not predict response. Exploratory analysis of tumor sequencing (80 patients) revealed: 41 patients (51%) were ETS positive, 20 (25%) had DNA-damage repair defect (DRD), 41 (51%) had AR amplification or copy gain, 34 (43%) had PTEN mutation, 33 (41%) had TP53 mutation, 39 (49%) had PIK3CA pathway activation, and 12 (15%) had WNT pathway alteration. Patients with DRD had significantly higher PSA RR (90% v 56.7%; P = .007) and mRR (87.5% v 38.6%; P = .001), PSA decline ≥ 90% (75% v 25%; P = .001), and longer median PFS (14.5 v 8.1 months; P = .025) versus those with wild-type tumors. Median PFS was longer in patients with normal PTEN (13.5 v 6.7 months; P = .02), TP53 (13.5 v 7.7 months; P = .01), and PIK3CA (13.8 v 8.3 months; P = .03) versus those with mutation or activation. In multivariable analysis adjusting for clinical covariates, DRD association with PFS remained significant. Conclusion Veliparib and ETS status did not affect response. Exploratory analysis identified a novel DRD association with mCRPC outcomes.

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Androgen receptor signaling regulates DNA repair in prostate cancers.

Publications

Androgen receptor signaling regulates DNA repair in prostate cancers.

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