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Experimental susceptibility of Caspian white fish, Rutilus frisii kutum to Spring viraemia of carp virus.

ABSTRACT: Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) is a fish of the family Cyprinidae, which is commercially harvested from the Caspian Sea. Experimental infection with Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) was conducted in order to examine susceptibility of caspian White Fish and clinical impacts of infection. Fingerling fish were injected intra-peritoneally or waterborne-exposed with SVCV and were monitored daily for 7 weeks. Dead fish and those survived at the end of experimental period were collected for virus isolation and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Epithelioma papulosum cyprini cell line was used to re-isolate the virus and indirect fluorescent antibody test was conducted to identify the isolated virus. Infection trials showed that SVCV was highly pathogenic for the Caspian White Fish with mortality rate ranging from 75 to 85 %, depending on the viral challenge model. SVCV genome was detected from dead and apparently healthy fish tissues of both virus exposure models, which showed Caspian White Fish not only can be regarded as a susceptible host, but also serve as a vector of the virus.

SUBMITTER: Zamani H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3889229 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Experimental susceptibility of Caspian white fish, Rutilus frisii kutum to Spring viraemia of carp virus.

Zamani H H Ghasemi M M Ghasemi M M Hosseini S M SM Haghighi Karsidani S S

Virusdisease 20131203 1

Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) is a fish of the family Cyprinidae, which is commercially harvested from the Caspian Sea. Experimental infection with Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) was conducted in order to examine susceptibility of caspian White Fish and clinical impacts of infection. Fingerling fish were injected intra-peritoneally or waterborne-exposed with SVCV and were monitored daily for 7 weeks. Dead fish and those survived at the end of experimental period were collected ...[more]

PMID: 24426310

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Project description:Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is a highly pathogenic Vesiculovirus infecting the common carp, yet neither a vaccine nor effective therapies are available to treat spring viremia of carp (SVC). Like all negative-sense viruses, SVCV contains an RNA genome that is encapsidated by the nucleoprotein (N) in the form of a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex, which serves as the template for viral replication and transcription. Here, the three-dimensional (3D) structure of SVCV RNP was resolved through cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) at a resolution of 3.7 Å. RNP assembly was stabilized by N and C loops; RNA was wrapped in the groove between the N and C lobes with 9 nt nucleotide per protomer. Combined with mutational analysis, our results elucidated the mechanism of RNP formation. The RNA binding groove of SVCV N was used as a target for drug virtual screening, and it was found suramin had a good antiviral effect. This study provided insights into RNP assembly, and anti-SVCV drug screening was performed on the basis of this structure, providing a theoretical basis and efficient drug screening method for the prevention and treatment of SVC. IMPORTANCE Aquaculture accounts for about 70% of global aquatic products, and viral diseases severely harm the development of aquaculture industry. Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) is the pathogen causing highly contagious spring viremia of carp (SVC) disease in cyprinids, especially common carp (Cyprinus carpio), yet neither a vaccine nor effective therapies are available to treat this disease. In this study, we have elucidated the mechanism of SVCV ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) formation by resolving the 3D structure of SVCV RNP and screened antiviral drugs based on the structure. It is found that suramin could competitively bind to the RNA binding groove and has good antiviral effects both in vivo and in vitro. Our study provides a template for rational drug discovery efforts to treat and prevent SVCV infections.

Project description:Spring viraemia of carp (SVC) is a fatal viral disease for cyprinid fish, which is caused by spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV). To date, no SVC outbreak has been reported in China. Between 1998 and 2002, outbreaks of SVC were reported in ornamental and wild fish in Europe and America, imported from multiple sources including China. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the viral strain isolated from America was shown to be originated from Asia. These outbreaks not only resulted in huge economic losses, but also raise an interesting question as to whether SVCV really exists in China and if so, is it responsible for SVC outbreaks? From 2002 to 2006, we screened 6700 samples from ornamental fish farms using the cell culture method of the Office International des Epizooties (OIE), and further verified the presence of SVCV by ELISA and real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Two infected samples were found and the complete genome of SVCV was sequenced from one of the isolates, termed SVCV-C1. Several unique hallmarks of SVCV-C1 were identified, including six amino acid (KSLANA) insertion in the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) protein and ten nucleotide insertion in the region between glycoprotein (G) and L genes in European SVCV strains. Phylogenetic tree analysis of the full-length G protein of selected SVCV isolates from the United Kingdom and United States revealed that G proteins could be classified into Ia and Id sub genogroups. The Ia sub genogroup can be further divided into newly defined sub genogroups Ia-A and Ia-B. The isolates derived from the United States and China including the SVCV-C1 belongs to in the Ia-A sub genogroup. The SVCV-C1 G protein shares more than 99% homology with the G proteins of the SVCV strains from England and the United States, making it difficult to compare their pathogenicity. Comparison of the predicted three-dimensional structure based on the published G protein sequences from five SVCV strains revealed that the main differences were in the loops of the pleckstrin homology domains. Since SVCV is highly pathogenic, we speculate that SVC may therefore pose a serious threat to farmed cyprinid fish in China.

Dataset Information

Experimental susceptibility of Caspian white fish, Rutilus frisii kutum to Spring viraemia of carp virus.

Publications

Experimental susceptibility of Caspian white fish, Rutilus frisii kutum to Spring viraemia of carp virus.

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