Treatment with Rhizoma Dioscoreae extract has protective effect on osteopenia in ovariectomized rats.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zhang Z
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3913014 | biostudies-literature | 2014
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Treatment with Rhizoma Dioscoreae extract has protective effect on osteopenia in ovariectomized rats.
Zhang Zhiguo Z Xiang Lihua L Bai Dong D Fu Xiaowei X Wang Wenlai W Li Yan Y Liu Hong H Pan Jinghua J Li Ya'nan Y Xiao Gary Guishan GG Ju Dahong D
TheScientificWorldJournal 20140109
The aims of this study were to evaluate the osteoprotective effect of aqueous extract from Rhizoma Dioscoreae (RDE) on rats with ovariectomy- (OVX-) induced osteopenia. Our results show that RDE could inhibit bone loss of OVX rats after a 12-week treatment. The microarray analysis showed that 68 genes were upregulated and that 100 genes were downregulated in femurs of the RDE group rats compared to those in the OVX group. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed that several downregulated gen ...[more]
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Project description:AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the osteoprotective effect of aqueous Rhizoma Dioscoreae extract (RDE) on the alveolar bone of rats with ovariectomy-induced bone loss.MethodsFemale Wistar rats were subjected to either ovariectomy or a sham operation (SHAM). The ovariectomized (OVX) rats were treated with vehicle (OVX) or RDE by oral gavage or with 17β-estradiol (E2) subcutaneously. After treatments, the bone mineral density (BMD), the three-dimensional bone architecture of the alveolar bone and the plasma biomarkers of bone turnover were analyzed to assess bone metabolism, and the histomorphometry of the alveolar bone was observed. Microarrays were used to evaluate gene expression profiles in alveolar bone from RDE-treated and OVX rats. The differential expression of genes was further analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The key findings were verified using real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR).ResultsOur results showed that RDE inhibited alveolar bone loss in OVX rats. Compared to the OVX rats, the RDE-treated rats showed upregulated expression levels of 207 genes and downregulated expression levels of 176 genes in the alveolar bone. The IPA showed that several genes had the potential to code for proteins that were involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (Wnt7a, Fzd2, Tcf3, Spp1, Frzb, Sfrp2 and Sfrp4) and the p38 MAPK signaling pathway (Il1rn and Mapk14).ConclusionThese experiments revealed that RDE could inhibit ovariectomy-induced alveolar bone loss in rats. The mechanism of this anti-osteopenic effect in alveolar bone may be involved in the reduced abnormal bone remodeling, which is associated with the modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin and the p38 MAPK signaling pathways via gene regulation.
| S-EPMC4277003 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteoprotective effect of aqueous Rhizoma Dioscoreae extract (RDE) on the alveolar bone of rats with ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Female Wistar rats underwent either ovariectomy or sham operation (SHAM). The ovariectomized (OVX) rats were treated with vehicle (OVX), estradiol valerate (EV), or RDE. After treatments, the bone mineral density (BMD) and the three-dimensional microarchitecture of the alveolar bone were analyzed to assess bone mass. Microarrays were used to evaluate microRNA expression profiles in alveolar bone from RDE-treated and OVX rats. The differential expression of microRNAs was validated using real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and the target genes of validated microRNAs were predicted and further analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The key findings were verified using qRT-PCR. Our results show that RDE inhibits alveolar bone loss in OVX rats. Compared to the OVX rats, the RDE-treated rats showed upregulated expression levels of 8 microRNAs and downregulated expression levels of 8 microRNAs in the alveolar bone in the microarray analysis. qRT-PCR helped validate 13 of 16 differentially expressed microRNAs, and 114 putative target genes of the validated microRNAs were retrieved. The IPA showed that these putative target genes had the potential to code for proteins that were involved in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-?/bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)/Smad signaling pathway (Tgfbr2/Bmpr2, Smad3/4/5, and Bcl-2) and interleukin (IL)-6/oncostatin M (OSM)/Jak1/STAT3 signaling pathway (Jak1, STAT3, and Il6r). These experiments revealed that RDE could inhibit ovariectomy-induced alveolar bone loss in rats. The mechanism of this anti-osteopenic effect in alveolar bone may involve the simultaneous inhibition of bone formation and bone resorption, which is associated with modulation of the TGF-?/BMPs/Smad and the IL-6/OSM/Jak1/STAT3 signaling pathways via microRNA regulation.
| S-EPMC4344591 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and purposeAccumulating evidence indicates an important role of oxidative stress in the progression of osteoporosis. Recently, it was demonstrated that hydrogen gas, as a novel antioxidant, could selectively reduce hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite anion to exert potent therapeutic antioxidant activity. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of hydrogen water (HW) consumption on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis.Experimental approachOvariectomized rats were fed with HW (1.3 ± 0.2 mg·L⁻¹) for 3 months. Then, blood was collected and femur and vertebrae were removed for evaluation of the effect of HW on bone.Key resultsHW consumption in ovariectomized rats had no significant effect on oestrogen production, but prevented the reduction of bone mass including bone mineral content and bone mineral density in femur and vertebrae, and preserved mechanical strength including ultimate load, stiffness, and energy, and bone structure including trabecular bone volume fraction, trabecular number, and trabecular thickness in femur, and preserved mechanical strength including ultimate load and stiffness, and bone structure including trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular number in vertebrae. In addition, treatment with HW abated oxidative stress and suppressed IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expressions in femur of ovariectomized rats; treatment with HW increased femur endothelial NOS activity and enhanced circulating NO level in ovariectomized rats.Conclusions and implicationsHW consumption prevents osteopenia in ovariectomized rats possibly through the ablation of oxidative stress induced by oestrogen withdrawal.
| S-EPMC3596646 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dioscoreae hypoglaucae Rhizoma (DH) and Dioscoreae spongiosae Rhizoma (DS) are two similar Chinese herbal medicines derived from the Dioscorea family. DH and DS have been used as medicines in China and other Asian countries for a long time, but study on their phytochemicals and bioactive composition is limited. This present study aimed to compare the chemical compositions of DH and DS, and explore the anti-xanthine oxidase components based on chemometric analysis and spectrum-effect relationship. Firstly, an HPLC method was used to establish the chemical fingerprints of DH and DS samples, and nine common peaks were selected. Then, hierarchical clustering analysis, principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were employed to compare and discriminate DH and DS samples based on the fingerprints data, and four steroidal saponins compounds (protodioscin, protogracillin, dioscin, gracillin) could be chemical markers responsible for the differences between DH and DS. Meanwhile, the anti-xanthine oxidase activities of these two herbal medicines were evaluated by xanthine oxidase inhibitory assay in vitro. Pearson correlation analysis and partial least squares regression analysis were subsequently used to investigate the spectrum-effect relationship between chemical fingerprints and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities. The results showed that four steroidal saponins, including protodioscin, protogracillin, methyl protodioscin and pseudoprogracillin could be potential anti-xanthine oxidase compounds in DH and DS. Furthermore, the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of the four selected inhibitors were validated by anti-xanthine oxidase inhibitory assessment and molecular docking experiments. The present work provided evidence for understanding of the chemical differences and the discovery of the anti-xanthine oxidase constituent of DH and DS, which could be useful for quality evaluation and bioactive components screening of these two herbal medicines.
| S-EPMC10745721 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nacre has emerged as a beneficial natural product for bone cells and tissues, but its effect was only studied by gavage in the ovariectomized mouse model. We sought to assess the antiosteoporotic effect of nacre through a nutritional supplementation in the ovariectomized rat model. Sixteen-week-old female Wistar rats were either Sham-operated or bilateral ovariectomized (OVX) and then fed with standard diet (Sham and OVX groups) or standard diet supplemented with either 0.25% CaCO3 or nacre (OVX CaCO3 and OVX Nacre group, respectively) for 28 days (n = 10/group). The bone microarchitecture was assessed at appendicular and axial bones by micro-computed tomography (μCT). Histomorphometric analysis was performed to determine cellular and dynamic bone parameters. Bone metabolism was also evaluated by biochemical markers and gene expression levels. Nacre-based diet prevented the OVX-induced bone loss better than that of the CaCO3 supplement, given the significant changes in trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) both at the femoral distal metaphysis (difference, 35%; p = 0.004) and at the second lumbar spine (difference, 11%; p = 0.01). Trabecular osteoclast surfaces (Oc.S/BS) were also 1.5-fold lower at the tibial proximal metaphysis in OVX Nacre group compared with OVX CaCO3 group (p = 0.02). By principal component analysis (PCA), OVX Nacre group formed a cluster away from OVX group and with a trend closest to Sham group. These data were consistent with biological measurements demonstrating a positive profile related to nacre supplementation, which blunted an increase in serum CTX level and enhanced serum P1NP secretion 14 days post-OVX compared with CaCO3 supplementation. Bmp2 mRNA expression in OVX Nacre group was +1.76-fold (p = 0.004) and +1.30-fold (p = 0.20) compared with OVX and OVX CaCO3 groups, respectively. We conclude that supplementation with nacre could effectively limit bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency just after OVX in rats by modulating the negative imbalance of bone turnover. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
| S-EPMC9464996 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease accompanied by a series of diseases such as diabetic nephropathy. The drug pair (HS) of Astragalus Radix (HQ) and Dioscoreae Rhizoma (SY) was designed by Dr. Shi Jinmo to improve the treatment of T2DM. However, the exact mechanism involved requires further clarification. In this work, 1H-NMR-based metabonomics and network pharmacology were adopted. Metabolic profiling indicated that the metabolic perturbation was reduced after HS treatment. The results found 21 biomarkers. According to the network pharmacology, we found that the regulation of T2DM was primarily associated with 18 active compounds in HS. These active compounds mainly had an effect on 135 targets. Subsequently, combining network pharmacology and metabonomics, we found four target proteins, which indicated that HS has potential hypoglycemic effects through regulating monoamine oxidases B (MAOB), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA), carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2), and catalase (CAT). In conclusion, the result showed that these four targets might be the most relevant targets for the treatment of T2DM with HS. This study clarified the mechanism of HS in the treatment of T2DM and also confirmed the feasibility of combining metabonomics and network pharmacology to study the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In the future, this approach may be a potentially powerful tool to discovery active components of traditional Chinese medicines and elucidate their mechanisms.
| S-EPMC6891682 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Osteoporosis is increasingly becoming a serious problem affecting the quality of life of the older population. Several experimental studies have shown that Chinese medicine has a definite effect on improving osteoporosis. Based on transcriptome sequencing, we analyzed the differential gene expression and mechanism of the related signaling pathways. Fifteen rats were randomly divided into an experimental group, a model group, and a sham surgery group. The rat model for menopausal osteoporosis was established using an ovariectomy method. One week after modeling, the experimental group was administered(intragastric administration)8.1 g/kg of Rhizoma drynariae, whereas the model and sham groups received 0.9% saline solution twice daily for 12 weeks. Subsequently, the rats were sacrificed, and the left femur of each group was removed for computerized tomography testing, while right femurs were used for hematoxylin and eosin staining. High-throughput RNA sequencing and functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Comparing the gene expression between the experimental and model groups, 149 differential genes were identified, of which 44 were downregulated and 105 were upregulated. The criteria for statistical significance were |log2 Fold Change| > 1 and P < 0.05. Gene ontology analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in cell component terms such as cell part and outer cell membrane part, and the genes were associated with cell process, biological regulation, metabolic processes, DNA transcription, and catalytic activity. Enrichment analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways showed significantly enriched pathways associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, herpes simplex infection, circadian rhythm, vascular smooth muscle contraction, the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and the TNF, Apelin, and Ras signaling pathways. Our results revealed that the Npas2, Dbp, Rt1, Arntl, Grem2, H2bc9, LOC501233, Pla2g2c, Hpgd, Pde6c, and Dner genes, and the circadian rhythm, lipid metabolism, inflammatory signaling pathway, and immune pathways may be the key targets and pathways for traditional Chinese medicine therapy of Rhizoma Drynariae in osteoporosis.
| S-EPMC9380231 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Osteocyte apoptosis is the first reaction to estrogen depletion, thereby stimulating osteoclastic bone resorption resulting in bone loss. We investigated the effects of two different risedronate (RIS) doses (high and low) on osteocyte apoptosis, osteoclast activity and bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Forty rats with ovariectomy (OVX) and sham ovariectomy (SHAM) were divided into 4 groups: 1) SHAM rats treated with saline (SHAM); 2) OVX rats treated with saline (OVX); 3) OVX rats treated with low-dose RIS (OVX-LR, 0.08 μg/kg/day); 4) OVX rats treated with high-dose RIS (OVX-HR, 0.8 μg/kg/day). All animals were sacrificed 90 days after surgery for the examinations of osteocyte apoptosis by caspase-3 staining, osteoclast activity by TRAP staining and bone volume by micro-CT scanning in lumbar vertebral cancellous bone. Both low and high dose RIS significantly reduced caspase-3 positive osteocytes, empty lacunae and TRAP positive osteoclasts in OVX rats. Although the difference in caspase-3 positive osteocytes was not significant between the OVX-LR and OVX-HR groups, numerically these cells were significantly more prevalent in OVX-HR (not OVX-LR) group than in SHAM group. TRAP positive osteoclasts were significantly higher in OVX-LR group than in SHAM or OVX-HR group. There was no significant difference in bone volume among the OVX-LR, OVX-HR and SHAM groups, but lower in OVX group alone. However, significant increase in trabecular thickness only occurred in OVX-LR group. We conclude that both low and high dose RIS significantly inhibit osteocyte apoptosis and osteoclast activity in OVX rats, but the low-dose RIS has weaker effect on osteoclast activity. However, low-dose RIS preserves cancellous bone mass and microarchitecture as well as high-dose RIS after estrogen depletion.
| S-EPMC5646759 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIn this study, network pharmacological methods were used to analyze the targets of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Nipponicae (RDN) and investigate the potential underlying mechanism of RDN in the treatment of asthma.MethodsAsthma-related targets were obtained from the GeneCards and DisGeNET databases. The bioactive components of RDN were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database, and the targets of these compounds were predicted using the BATMAN-TCM database. The network of RDN component targets was constructed using Cytoscape. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed in Cytoscape to determine the potential targets of RDN for the treatment of asthma. The hub genes of RDN in the treatment of asthma were screened using network topological parameters. Gene ontology (GO) and the KEGG pathways were analyzed. Molecular docking and in vivo experiments were performed to validate the network pharmacology results.ResultsA total of four bioactive components and 55 targets were identified. The results of the enrichment analysis suggested that the treatment of asthma with RDN involved signaling pathways, such as those related to systemic lupus erythematosus, alcoholism, viral carcinogenesis, the cell cycle, prostate cancer, transcriptional misregulation in cancer, hepatitis B, thyroid hormone signaling, and PI3K-AKT signaling, as well as other signaling pathways. Molecular docking showed that the active components of RDN could stably bind to the predicted target. In vivo experiments showed that RDN could regulate the expression of target genes and inhibit the activation of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.ConclusionTo a certain extent, this study reveals the potential bioactive components and molecular mechanisms of RDN in the treatment of asthma and provides new insights for the development of new drugs for asthma.
| S-EPMC8986377 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this study was to determine the skeletal effect of total ethanolic extract from the stem-bark of Ulmus davidiana (UDE) in a rat model of postmenopausal bone loss. Effective dose of UDE was determined in adult female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by measuring bone regeneration at fracture site. UDE (250 mg/kg p.o.) was administered to ovariectomized (OVX) osteopenic SD rats for 12 weeks. OVX rats treated with vehicle or 17β-estradiol, and sham-operated rats treated with vehicle served as various controls. Bone mineral density (BMD), microarchitecture, biomechanical strength, turnover markers, and uterotrophic effect were studied. Bioactive markers in UDE were analyzed by HPLC. Human osteoblasts was used to study the effect of compounds on differentiation by alkaline phosphase assay. One-way ANOVA was used to test significance of effects. OVX+UDE group showed BMD, microarchitectural parameters and compressive strength at lumbar vertebra (L5) comparable to sham. At proximal femur, OVX+UDE group exhibited significantly higher BMD, better microarchitecture and compressive strength compared with OVX+vehicle. OVX-induced decrease in Ca/P ratio was completely restored at both skeletal sites by UDE treatment. Serum procollagen N-terminal propeptide and carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks were respectively higher and lower in OVX+UDE group compared with OVX+vehicle group. Osteogenic genes were upregulated in L5 and anti-resorptive genes were suppressed in proximal femur of OVX+UDE group compared with OVX+vehicle. UDE had no uterine estrogenicity. Analysis of markers yielded two osteogenic isoforms of catechin. In conclusion, UDE completely restored vertebral trabecular bones and strength in osteopenic rats by an osteogenic mechanism and prevented bone loss at proximal femur.
| S-EPMC4846884 | biostudies-literature