Dataset Information

Anthropogenic chromium emissions in china from 1990 to 2009.

ABSTRACT: An inventory of chromium emission into the atmosphere and water from anthropogenic activities in China was compiled for 1990 through to 2009. We estimate that the total emission of chromium to the atmosphere is about 1.92×10? t. Coal and oil combustion were the two leading sources of chromium emission to the atmosphere in China, while the contribution of them showed opposite annual growth trend. In total, nearly 1.34×10? t of chromium was discharged to water, mainly from six industrial categories in 20 years. Among them, the metal fabrication industry and the leather tanning sector were the dominant sources of chromium emissions, accounting for approximately 68.0% and 20.0% of the total emissions and representing increases of 15.6% and 10.3% annually, respectively. The spatial trends of Cr emissions show significant variation based on emissions from 2005 to 2009. The emission to the atmosphere was heaviest in Hebei, Shandong, Guangdong, Zhejiang and Shanxi, whose annual emissions reached more than 1000t for the high level of coal and oil consumption. In terms of emission to water, the largest contributors were Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhejiang, where most of the leather production and metal manufacturing occur and these four regions accounted for nearly 47.4% of the total emission to water.

SUBMITTER: Cheng H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3914863 | biostudies-literature | 2014

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Anthropogenic chromium emissions in china from 1990 to 2009.

Cheng Hongguang H Zhou Tan T Li Qian Q Lu Lu L Lin Chunye C

PloS one 20140205 2

An inventory of chromium emission into the atmosphere and water from anthropogenic activities in China was compiled for 1990 through to 2009. We estimate that the total emission of chromium to the atmosphere is about 1.92×10⁵ t. Coal and oil combustion were the two leading sources of chromium emission to the atmosphere in China, while the contribution of them showed opposite annual growth trend. In total, nearly 1.34×10⁴ t of chromium was discharged to water, mainly from six industrial categorie ...[more]

PMID: 24505309

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Project description:With the implementation of COVID-19 restrictions and consequent improvement in air quality due to the nationwide lockdown, ozone (O3) pollution was generally amplified in China. However, the O3 levels throughout the Guangxi region of South China showed a clear downward trend during the lockdown. To better understand this unusual phenomenon, we investigated the characteristics of conventional pollutants, the influence of meteorological and anthropogenic factors quantified by a multiple linear regression (MLR) model, and the impact of local sources and long-range transport based on a continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) and the HYSPLIT model. Results show that in Guangxi, the conventional pollutants generally declined during the COVID-19 lockdown period (January 24 to February 9, 2020) compared with their concentrations during 2016-2019, while O3 gradually increased during the resumption (10 February to April 2020) and full operation periods (May and June 2020). Focusing on Beihai, a typical Guangxi region city, the correlations between the daily O3 concentrations and six meteorological parameters (wind speed, visibility, temperature, humidity, precipitation, and atmospheric pressure) and their corresponding regression coefficients indicate that meteorological conditions were generally conducive to O3 pollution mitigation during the lockdown. A 7.84 μg/m3 drop in O3 concentration was driven by meteorology, with other decreases (4.11 μg/m3) explained by reduced anthropogenic emissions of O3 precursors. Taken together, the lower NO2/SO2 ratios (1.25-2.33) and consistencies between real-time monitored primary emissions and ambient concentrations suggest that, with the closure of small-scale industries, residual industrial emissions have become dominant contributors to local primary pollutants. Backward trajectory cluster analyses show that the slump of O3 concentrations in Southern Guangxi could be partly attributed to clean air mass transfer (24-58%) from the South China Sea. Overall, the synergistic effects of the COVID-19 lockdown and meteorological factors intensified O3 reduction in the Guangxi region of South China.

Dataset Information

Anthropogenic chromium emissions in china from 1990 to 2009.

Publications

Anthropogenic chromium emissions in china from 1990 to 2009.

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