Diet patterns are associated with demographic factors and nutritional status in South Indian children.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Kehoe SH
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3920637 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Diet patterns are associated with demographic factors and nutritional status in South Indian children.
Kehoe Sarah H SH Krishnaveni Ghattu V GV Veena Sargoor R SR Guntupalli Aravinda M AM Margetts Barrie M BM Fall Caroline H D CH Robinson Sian M SM
Maternal & child nutrition 20130702 1
The burden of non-communicable chronic disease (NCD) in India is increasing. Diet and body composition 'track' from childhood into adult life and contribute to the development of risk factors for NCD. Little is known about the diet patterns of Indian children. We aimed to identify diet patterns and study associations with body composition and socio-demographic factors in the Mysore Parthenon Study cohort. We collected anthropometric and demographic data from children aged 9.5 years (n = 538). We ...[more]
Similar Datasets
Project description:The literature reports psychosocial, environmental, and cultural factors related to Early Childhood Caries (ECC), but few studies have included American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations. AI/AN children have the highest prevalence of ECC among any population group in the United States. This study examined socio-demographic characteristics of children and their parents/caregivers and psychosocial characteristics of parents/caregivers as risk factors for baseline oral health status of preschool children in the Navajo Nation, as part of a 3-year cluster randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of trained community workers providing a fluoride varnish and oral health promotion intervention to. The study recruited 1,015 children at 52 Head Start Centers. Baseline ECC data were collected by calibrated dental hygienists for 981 of the children ages of 3-5 years, and a Basic Research Factors Questionnaire (BRFQ) was completed by their parents/caregivers. Bivariable analysis revealed that dmfs was higher in older children; in males; in children with male parents/caregivers; and when the parent/caregiver had less education and income, worse oral health behavior in caring for their children's teeth, and higher scores for external powerful others and external chance locus of control, greater perceived susceptibility and barriers, and lower scores for community risky behavior. In a multiple linear regression model, the variables that remained statistically significant were child's age and gender, and oral health behavior score of the parent/caregiver. Intervening to improve parent/caregiver oral health behavior in caring for the teeth of children potentially could in AI/AN children.
| S-EPMC4163944 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMalnutrition is a global health problem affecting more than 300 million pre-school children worldwide. It is one of the major health concerns in India since around 50% of children below the age of two suffer from various forms of malnutrition. The gut microbiome plays an important role in nutrient pre-processing, assimilation and energy harvest from food. Consequently, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been implicated in malnutrition.Methodology/principal findingsMetagenomics approach was adopted to investigate the gut microbiome sampled from 20 rural Indian children with varying nutritional status. The changes in the abundances of various taxonomic and functional groups were investigated across these gut microbiomes. A core set of 23 genera were observed across samples, with some showing differential abundances with varying nutritional status. One of the findings of the current study is the positive/negative associations of specific taxonomic and functional groups with the nutritional status of the children. Notable alterations in the architecture of the inter-microbial co-occurrence networks were also observed with changes in nutritional status. A key example is the clustering of potentially pathogenic groups into a distinct hub in severely malnourished gut. Our data does not demonstrate causality with the microbiome patterns that we observed, rather a description of some interesting patterns, whose underlying mechanism remains to be uncovered.ConclusionsThe present study envisioned interrelationships between the pattern of gut microbiome and the nutritional status of children. The cause of this pattern needs to be explored. However, insights obtained from the present study form the basis for further metagenomic investigations on larger population of children. Results of such studies will be useful in identifying the key microbial groups that can be utilized for targeted therapeutic interventions for managing severe acute malnutrition.
| S-EPMC3999041 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundBirth delivery method and breastfeeding practices contribute to microbiota colonization. Other factors including diet and demographic factors structure the gut microbiome assembly and diversity through childhood development. The exploration of these factors, especially in Southeast Asian children, remains limited.MethodsWe investigated the fecal microbiota of 127 school-aged children in Thailand using quantitative PCR (qPCR) to assess the influence of diet and demographic factors on the gut microbiota. Multivariate analysis (multiple factor analysis (MFA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA)) were used to link particular gut microbes to diet and demographic factors.ResultsDiet and demographic factors were associated with variation among gut microbiota. The abundance of Gammaproteobacteria increased in children with infrequent intake of high fat foods. Obese children possessed a lower level of Firmicutes and Ruminococcus. Bifidobacterium was enriched in pre-teen aged children and detected at lower levels among formula-fed children. Prevotella was more abundant in children who were delivered vaginally. While ethnicity explained a small amount of variation in the gut microbiota, it nonetheless was found to be significantly associated with microbiome composition.ConclusionsExogenous and demographic factors associate with, and possibly drive, the assembly of the gut microbiome of an understudied population of school-aged children in Thailand.
| S-EPMC9034706 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMalnutrition is a major public health problem because of the devastating consequences it has on children, their families, and society at large. Our study, therefore, sought to determine the prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity and its associated factors among children aged 6-12 in the South Tongu District, Ghana.MethodsA school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 school children aged 6-12 years in the South Tongu District of Ghana. A multistage sampling method was employed to recruit the school children for the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. We used a dual-purpose (height and weight) measuring scale to obtain the anthropometric data. The World Health Organization's AnthroPlus software was used to generate the z-scores for determining the nutritional status. Percentages were used to present the results of the prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity among school children. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to examine the factors associated with undernutrition and overweight/obesity among school children. The results were presented as crude odds ratios (CORs) and adjusted odds ratios (AORs), with their 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Stata 16.0 was used to perform the analyses.ResultsThe overall prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity were 21.5% (CI = 17.7, 25.7) and 24.8% (CI = 20.8, 29.2), respectively. Specifically, the prevalence of stunting, thinness, underweight, overweight, and obesity were 10.4%, 12.1%, 3.8%, 11.1%, and 13.7%, respectively. School children whose household used water from non-portable sources were more likely to be undernourished [AOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.13, 3.63]. The odds of overweight/obesity was higher among school children whose mothers had attained formal education [AOR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.09, 4.06], those who consumed beverages between meals per day [AOR = 1.87, CI = 1.08, 3.24], and those who had adequate dietary diversity score [AOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.02, 2.67]. School children aged 10-12 were less likely to be overweight/obese [AOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35, 0.94] compared to those aged 6-9.ConclusionThe study showed a relatively high prevalence of undernutrition and overweight/obesity among school children in the South Tongu District. The identified risk factor(s) for undernutrition was the usage of water from non-potable sources whilst those of overweight/obesity were age (10-12 years), maternal formal education, beverage consumption between meals per day, and adequate dietary diversity. The findings reaffirm that malnutrition is still prevalent among school children. Hence, there is a need for the Ministry of Health, Ghana Education Service, and other Non-Governmental Organizations to pay critical attention to these factors to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 2, target 2.2. Nutritional behavioural change education should be carried out among parents and school children. School health service activities should be intensified with a special focus on nutritional screening.
| S-EPMC9401153 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundUndernutrition constitutes a major problem among children in Hawassa, Ethiopia, and the literature on nutritional status in hospitalised children is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate dietary diversity, nutritional practices, and the frequencies of undernutrition and the factors associated with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in a hospitalised paediatric population in Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia.MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out among hospitalised children in Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia. Children aged 6 to 59 months and their caregivers admitted for >24 hours from two public hospitals in Hawassa between November 2019 and January 2020 were included. Dietary diversity was assessed using World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Weight and height/length of the children were measured, and z-scores were calculated using the WHO growth standards. The definition of SAM was a weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) less than -3 or a clinically confirmed SAM diagnosis with higher WHZ.ResultsA total of 188 caregiver-child pairs were assessed in the two public hospitals. The majority of the patients were admitted with SAM (N = 70/188, 37%) or respiratory tract infections (N = 44/188, 23%). There was a similar number of boys and girls with SAM. Of all the children, 59% reported to have consumed foods from fewer than four food groups, while 40% reported eating foods from four or more food groups. The rate of malnutrition was high, and 35.8% of the children were classified as wasted (WHZ < -2) and 41% were stunted (height-for-age z-score < -2). Nearly 30% of the SAM patients were also stunted.ConclusionThis study revealed that hospitalised children in this setting had poor dietary diversity and nutritional status, a high degree of morbidity, and extreme poverty. There is thus a need to focus on nutrition patterns in clinical settings.
| S-EPMC8781358 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background Commercial female sex workers (CFSWs) regularly or occasionally trade sex for money. Sex work is widespread, mainly in urban areas of Ethiopia. The study on the nutritional status of CFSWs is unavailable in Ethiopia, and data are also scanty at the global level. This study aims to assess nutritional status and associated factors among CFSWs in Hawassa city, Ethiopia. Methods This cross-sectional study used facility-based mixed data collection methods (qualitative and quantitative). The study was conducted in three key population clinics in Hawassa city. A total of 297 CFSWs were randomly selected for the ‘quantitative survey,’ and twelve (n = 12) purposively selected participants were involved in the ‘qualitative study.’ Body mass index/BMI (Kg/m2) was used in assessing the nutritional status of CFSWs. Statistical software packages were used for analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data. Significant variables (P<0.05) in bivariate analysis (Chi-square test) were incorporated in the multivariable analyses. Multinomial logistic regression (MNLR) was employed where dependable variable like ‘normal BMI’ (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) was set as a reference category and simultaneously compared with ‘underweight’ (<18.5 BMI) and ’overweight/obesity’ (≥ 25 BMI) categories. Thus, two models, namely the underweight model (model-1: Underweight versus normal BMI) and the overweight/obesity model (model-2: overweight/obesity versus normal), were generated. Results The prevalence of underweight and overweight/obesity among CFSWs in Hawassa city were respectively 14.1% and 16.8%. Living alone (Adjusted odds ratio/AOR = 0.18), chewed Khat regularly (AOR = 0.23), used drugs regularly (AOR = 10.57), used drugs in exchange of sex (AOR = 4.97), and HIV positive status (AOR = 21.64) were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with underweight (model-1). In the overweight/obesity model-2, having jobs other than sex work (AOR = 0.11), higher daily mean income (AOR = 3.02), being hotel/home-based CFSWs (AOR = 12.35), and presence of any chronic illness (AOR = 5.15) were significant (P < 0.05) predictors of overweight/obesity. From the ‘qualitative part’ of this study, it was also revealed that ‘lack of food and money’ was the main influencing factor among CFSWs to enter into the sex business. Conclusions Commercial female sex workers in this study faced a double burden of malnutrition. Multiple factors influenced their nutritional status. Substance abuse and HIV-positivity are the most significant predictors of being underweight and having higher income, being hotel/home-based CFSWs, and suffering from any chronic illness are associated with overweight/obesity. Government and other partners should be essential in providing comprehensive programs focusing on sexual, reproductive health, and nutrition education. Steps should be taken to improve their socioeconomic status and strengthen those good initiatives at key population clinics and other health facilities.
| S-EPMC10150714 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeChildhood malnutrition is a multifactorial disease, responsible for nearly half of all deaths in children under five. Lately, the probable association of a dysbiotic gut to malnutrition is also being eagerly investigated. The current study is an attempt to investigate this purported association through assessing the abundance of major gut bacterial phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria), probionts (Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus), butyrogens (Faecalibacterium and Roseburia) and pathogens (Escherichia and Klebsiella).MethodsThe study was conducted in the suburbs of Chandigarh, India in the year 2017. The children enrolled in the study were part of Anganwadis (Rural Child Care Centres) set up under Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) of Government of India where community-based management approach is being widely used for treatment of malnutrition. We used qPCR based absolute quantification as well as the 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing approach for our study. The study population included 30 children in the age group of 2-5 years who were categorized into three groups Healthy, Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) and Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM), with 10 children in each group. The selection of participants was made based on Z scores. Further, statistical tools like the One-way ANOVA, PCA and PLSDA were employed to analyze and compare the gut bacterial profile.ResultsOur investigation through the qPCR (Absolute quantification) approach revealed a significantly higher abundance of Actinobacteria in healthy, in comparison to children suffering from Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM). Consequently, the same trend was also reflected with respect to Bifidobacterium, a prominent member of the Actinobacteria phylum. Conversely, a significant higher abundance of Lactobacillus with the diminishing nutritional status was recorded. Escherichia showed a significant higher abundance in healthy subjects compared to the malnourished; however, no such difference in abundance of Klebsiella was observed. The other target phyla [Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria] and genera (Faecalibacterium and Roseburia) showed differences in abundance; however, these were non-significant. Similarly, the bacterial taxonomy analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data revealed the higher abundance of phylum Actinobacteria and its member Bifidobacterium with lower prevalence of Lactobacillus in healthy children.ConclusionThe pattern of gut microbiota profile in malnourished subjects suggests a dysbiotic gut depleted in Bifidobacteria, a core member of the consortia of beneficial anaerobes of the healthy child gut.
| S-EPMC8085102 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Malnutrition in children is a serious health problem, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, with heavy socioeconomic burdens. The prevalence of stunting remains high in Burkina Faso. There is a need to further investigate undernutrition and identify the major factors contributing to its persistence. We aimed to assess the nutritional status of children aged under five years and the associated factors of undernutrition in Burkina Faso. We conducted a second study using a baseline household survey of the impact assessment of a performance-based financing program. The analysis focused on data of 10,032 children aged 0-59 months collected from households in 537 villages. Anthropometric indicators were assessed using the World Health Organization standards, and their association with children, mothers, and households' characteristics were assessed using logistic regression. Stunting occurred in 40.1% of children, wasting in 25.1%, and underweight in 34%. Children having both stunting, wasting, and underweight were 7.3%. Stunting and underweight was associated with the sex. Stunting was associated with ethnic groups: Fulani with AdjOR = 1.20 (95%CI: 1.01-1.42), household economic level: poorest AdjOR = 1.25 (95%CI: 1.10-1.43), two and more children aged under five years in households: AdjOR = 1.16 (95%CI: 1.05-1.27), distance more than 5km from household to health facility: with Adj OR = 1.21 (95%CI: 1.10-1.35) and household food insecurity. This study identified the modifiable factors that determine the high prevalence of undernutrition in Burkina Faso. Strategies and interventions to improve the health and economic status of the community are needed to reduce the occurrence of undernutrition.
| S-EPMC10389710 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMalnutrition is a major public health problem throughout the world especially in Southeast Asia. This study aims to find out nutritional status and its associated factors among under five Muslim children of Kapilvastu district Nepal.MethodsCommunity based cross-sectional study was conducted among 336 under five Muslim children in Kapilvastu district Nepal from December 2021 to May 2022. Multistage probability random sampling was used. Among ten local units, three were selected randomly. Then from selected three units, two wards from each unit which covers large proportion of Muslim were selected purposively. After selecting wards, listing of household having children 6 to 59 months was done with the help of Female Community Health Volunteers and 56 children were selected by simple random sampling from each wards.ResultsAbout half of Muslim children were underweight, 0.9% were overweight, 17.3% were wasted and 63.1% were stunted. Children with >4 members in family (AOR = 2.82, CI: 1.25-6.38), joint/extended family (AOR = 0.33, CI: 0.16-0.68), living with other than parents (AOR = 2.68, CI: 1.38-5.21), mother having primary (AOR = 2.59, CI: 1.09-6.10) and fathers having SLC and above education (AOR = 0.41, CI: 0.19-0.89), school going children (AOR = 0.27, CI: 0.15-0.48), no having agricultural land (AOR = 2.68, CI: 1.55-4.65), history of chronic diseases (AOR = 3.01, CI = 1.06-8.54) were significantly associated with underweight. Mothers having secondary (AOR = 0.30, CI: 0.10-0.88) and fathers having primary education (AOR = 3.50, CI: 1.26-9.74), school going children (AOR = 0.16, CI: 0.06-0.41), no having own land (AOR = 4.73, CI: 2.13-10.48), history of child chronic disease (AOR = 3.55, CI = 1.38-9.12) were significantly associated with wasting. Similarly, male children (AOR = 1.70, CI: 1.01-2.85), living in rural area (AOR = 0.17, CI: 0.09-0.31), joint/extended family (AOR = 0.28, CI: 0.13-0.64), living with other than parents (AOR = 3.71, CI: 1.84-7.49), fathers having secondary education (AOR = 0.50, CI: 0.27-0.94) and no having own land (AOR = 1.95, CI: 1.13-3.37) were significantly associated with stunting.ConclusionsUnderweight, wasting and stunting in under-five Muslim children were above the cutoff point from the significant level of public health and higher than national data. Hence, this study suggests collaborative and immediate attention from responsible governmental and non-governmental organizations working in nutrition for providing informal learning opportunity, intervention regarding parental support to child, school enrolment at appropriate age, prevention and treatment of children's chronic diseases, intervention for income generating activities and addressing problems of household food insecurity among Muslim communities.
| S-EPMC9844888 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Since the early 1990s, Spanish humanitarian associations have welcomed Saharawi children from the refugee camps in Tindouf (Argelia). These children are the most affected by the lack of food, water, hygienic measures and health care. The main objective of this study was to analyze the anthropometric, nutritional and parasitological data of 38 Saharawi boys and girls (from 10 to 13 years old) under a holiday host program in the city of Valencia. Our results confirm that malnutrition and multiparasitism are highly frequent, so it is understood that living conditions in refugee camps continue to be precarious with a lack of proper hygiene and nutrition. Furthermore, biochemical alterations, lactose malabsorption and the risk of celiac disease, also detected in our study as a secondary objective, will complicate nutritional management and restoration of health. For this reason, sustainable feeding alternatives and interventions from a hygienic and nutritional point of view are proposed, emphasizing in an improvement in the education of parents and children.
| S-EPMC7760248 | biostudies-literature