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Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with stable isotope calibration for measuring bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants.

ABSTRACT: Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a biomimetic tool ideally suited for measuring bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in sediment and soil matrices. However, conventional SPME sampling requires the attainment of equilibrium between the fiber and sample matrix, which may take weeks or months, greatly limiting its applicability. In this study, we explored the preloading of polydimethylsiloxane fiber with stable isotope labeled analogs (SI-SPME) to circumvent the need for long sampling time, and evaluated the performance of SI-SPME against the conventional equilibrium SPME (Eq-SPME) using a range of sediments and conditions. Desorption of stable isotope-labeled analogs and absorption of PCB-52, PCB-153, bifenthrin and cis-permethrin were isotropic, validating the assumption for SI-SPME. Highly reproducible preloading was achieved using acetone-water (1:4, v/v) as the carrier. Compared to Eq-SPME that required weeks or even months, the fiber concentrations (Cf) under equilibrium could be reliably estimated by SI-SPME in 1 day under agitated conditions or 20 days under static conditions in spiked sediments. The Cf values predicted by SI-SPME were statistically identical to those determined by Eq-SPME. The SI-SPME method was further applied successfully to field sediments contaminated with PCB 52, PCB 153, and bifenthrin. The increasing availability of stable isotope labeled standards and mass spectrometry nowadays makes SI-SPME highly feasible, allowing the use of SPME under nonequilibrium conditions with much shorter or flexible sampling time.

SUBMITTER: Cui X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3923886 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with stable isotope calibration for measuring bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants.

Cui Xinyi X Bao Lianjun L Gan Jay J

Environmental science & technology 20130821 17

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a biomimetic tool ideally suited for measuring bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in sediment and soil matrices. However, conventional SPME sampling requires the attainment of equilibrium between the fiber and sample matrix, which may take weeks or months, greatly limiting its applicability. In this study, we explored the preloading of polydimethylsiloxane fiber with stable isotope labeled analogs (SI-SPME) to circumvent the need for lon ...[more]

PMID: 23930601

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Project description:Abstract Objectives Iron deficiency is estimated to affect up to 1.5–2 billion people worldwide. Edible insects can be a rich source of iron and may have a smaller environmental food print than other animal source foods. Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) larvae are recognized as an edible insect, but iron bioavailability in humans has not been investigated. Chitin, a major component of insect biomass, is a known iron binder. Our primary objective was to measure fractional iron absorption (FIA) from T.molitor with and without chitin in young women. Secondly, we aimed to assess the effect of the presence of mealworm biomass on iron absorption from iron present in low-phytate maize porridge. Methods Non-anemic females (18–45 years, body weight < 65 kg) were recruited and FIA was measured as erythrocyte incorporation of stable isotopes tracers in red blood cells 14 days after test meal administration. Using a randomized cross over design, three different meals were administered to each subject, consisting of A) a low phytate refined maize porridge with 54FeSO4; B) intrinsically labelled (57Fe) T.molitor with native chitin and extrinsic 58FeSO4; C) intrinsically labelled (57Fe) T.molitor with reduced chitin and extrinsic 58FeSO4. Results Median serum ferritin concentration in the participating subjects (n = 21) was 22.7 µg/L. Iron content in T.molitor larvae was FIA from meals B (58Fe, 5.28%) and C (58Fe, 4.55%) in which mealworm biomass was given in combination with maize porridge did not significantly differ to FIA from maize porridge fed alone (5.84%). In case of intrinsic labelling, FIA from meals B (57Fe, 4.11%) and C (57Fe, 4.03%) were significantly lower compared to maize meal A (P < 0.001). Conclusions FIA from T.molitor was similar to low-phytate containing maize. Presence of mealworm biomass did not enhance or inhibit the FIA of iron present in the maize meal. Furthermore, a chitin reduction process did not show any discernible effect on FIA. T.molitor larvae could be a viable source of iron in the human diet, but iron absorption may be similar to plant-based foods. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04510831. Funding Sources Coop Research Program, World Food System Center, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.

Dataset Information

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with stable isotope calibration for measuring bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants.

Publications

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with stable isotope calibration for measuring bioavailability of hydrophobic organic contaminants.

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