Dataset Information

Critical role for IL-1? in DNA damage-induced mucositis.

ABSTRACT: ?-TrCP, the substrate recognition subunit of SCF-type ubiquitin ligases, is ubiquitously expressed from two distinct paralogs, targeting for degradation many regulatory proteins, among which is the NF-?B inhibitor I?B. To appreciate tissue-specific roles of ?-TrCP, we studied the consequences of inducible ablation of three or all four alleles of the E3 in the mouse gut. The ablation resulted in mucositis, a destructive gut mucosal inflammation, which is a common complication of different cancer therapies and represents a major obstacle to successful chemoradiation therapy. We identified epithelial-derived IL-1? as the culprit of mucositis onset, inducing mucosal barrier breach. Surprisingly, epithelial IL-1? is induced by DNA damage via an NF-?B-independent mechanism. Tissue damage caused by gut barrier disruption is exacerbated in the absence of NF-?B, with failure to express the endogenous IL-1? receptor antagonist IL-1Ra upon four-allele loss. Antibody neutralization of IL-1? prevents epithelial tight junction dysfunction and alleviates mucositis in ?-TrCP-deficient mice. IL-1? antagonists should thus be considered for prevention and treatment of severe morbidity associated with mucositis.

SUBMITTER: Kanarek N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3926043 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Critical role for IL-1β in DNA damage-induced mucositis.

Kanarek Naama N Grivennikov Sergei I SI Leshets Michael M Lasry Audrey A Alkalay Irit I Horwitz Elad E Shaul Yoav D YD Stachler Matthew M Voronov Elena E Apte Ron N RN Pagano Michele M Pikarsky Eli E Karin Michael M Ghosh Sankar S Ben-Neriah Yinon Y

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20140127 6

β-TrCP, the substrate recognition subunit of SCF-type ubiquitin ligases, is ubiquitously expressed from two distinct paralogs, targeting for degradation many regulatory proteins, among which is the NF-κB inhibitor IκB. To appreciate tissue-specific roles of β-TrCP, we studied the consequences of inducible ablation of three or all four alleles of the E3 in the mouse gut. The ablation resulted in mucositis, a destructive gut mucosal inflammation, which is a common complication of different cancer ...[more]

PMID: 24469832

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Project description:DNA damage-induced Rad51 focus formation is the hallmark of homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair. Earlier, we reported that Rad51 physically interacts with Hsp90, and under the condition of Hsp90 inhibition, it undergoes proteasomal degradation. Here, we show that the dynamic interaction between Rad51 and Hsp90 is crucial for the DNA damage-induced nuclear function of Rad51. Guided by a bioinformatics study, we generated a single mutant of Rad51, which resides at the N-terminal domain, outside the ATPase core domain. The mutant with an E to L change at residue 108 (Rad51E108L) was predicted to bind more strongly with Hsp90 than the wild-type (Rad51WT). A coimmunoprecipitation study demonstrated that there exists a distinct difference between the in vivo associations of Rad51WT-Hsp90 and of Rad51E108L-Hsp90. We found that upon DNA damage, the association between Rad51WT and Hsp90 was significantly reduced compared to that in the undamaged condition. However, the mutant Rad51E108L remained tightly associated with Hsp90 even after DNA damage. Consequently, the recruitment of Rad51E108L to the double-stranded broken ends was reduced significantly. The E108L-rad51 strain manifested severe sensitivity toward methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and a complete loss of gene conversion efficiency, a phenotype similar to that of the Δrad51 strain. Previously, some of the N-terminal domain mutants of Rad51 were identified in a screen for a Rad51 interaction-deficient mutant; however, our study shows that Rad51E108L is not defective either in the self-interaction or its interaction with the members of the Rad52 epistatic group. Our study thus identifies a novel mutant of Rad51 which, owing to its greater association with Hsp90, exhibits a severe DNA repair defect.IMPORTANCE Rad51-mediated homologous recombination is the major mechanism for repairing DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in cancer cells. Thus, regulating Rad51 activity could be an attractive target. The sequential assembly and disassembly of Rad51 to the broken DNA ends depend on reversible protein-protein interactions. Here, we discovered that a dynamic interaction with molecular chaperone Hsp90 is one such regulatory event that governs the recruitment of Rad51 onto the damaged DNA. We uncovered that Rad51 associates with Hsp90, and upon DNA damage, this complex dissociates to facilitate the loading of Rad51 onto broken DNA. In a mutant where such dissociation is incomplete, the occupancy of Rad51 at the broken DNA is partial, which results in inefficient DNA repair. Thus, it is reasonable to propose that any small molecule that may alter the dynamics of the Rad51-Hsp90 interaction is likely to impact DSB repair in cancer cells.

Dataset Information

Critical role for IL-1? in DNA damage-induced mucositis.

Publications

Critical role for IL-1β in DNA damage-induced mucositis.

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