Dataset Information

Dietary fat intake, pesticide use, and Parkinson's disease.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Dietary fat intake may modify Parkinson's disease (PD) risk directly or by altering the response to environmental neurotoxicants including pesticides. METHODS:We conducted a case-control study of PD nested in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a cohort of pesticide applicators and spouses. We evaluated diet and pesticide use before diagnosis in 89 PD cases, confirmed by movement disorder specialists, or a corresponding date in 336 frequency-matched controls. Associations were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS:In the AHS, PD was inversely associated with N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.8 for highest vs. lowest tertile) and the N-3 precursor ?-linolenic acid (0.4, 0.2-0.8). In a meta-analysis of nine studies, including the present one, PD was inversely associated with ?-linolenic acid (0.81, 0.68-0.96). In the AHS, associations of PD with the pesticides paraquat and rotenone were modified by fat intake. The OR for paraquat was 4.2 (1.5-12) in individuals with PUFA intake below the median but 1.2 (0.4-3.4) in those with higher intake (p-interaction = 0.10). The OR for rotenone was 5.8 (2.3-15) in those with saturated fat intake above the median but 1.5 (0.5-4.2) in those with lower intake (p-interaction = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS:PUFA intake was consistently associated with lower PD risk, and dietary fats modified the association of PD risk with pesticide exposure. If confirmed, these findings suggest that a diet high in PUFAs and low in saturated fats might reduce risk of PD.

SUBMITTER: Kamel F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3936597 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dietary fat intake, pesticide use, and Parkinson's disease.

Kamel Freya F Goldman Samuel M SM Umbach David M DM Chen Honglei H Richardson Gina G Barber Marie Richards MR Meng Cheryl C Marras Connie C Korell Monica M Kasten Meike M Hoppin Jane A JA Comyns Kathleen K Chade Anabel A Blair Aaron A Bhudhikanok Grace S GS Webster Ross G G William Langston J J Sandler Dale P DP Tanner Caroline M CM

Parkinsonism & related disorders 20131001 1

<h4>Background</h4>Dietary fat intake may modify Parkinson's disease (PD) risk directly or by altering the response to environmental neurotoxicants including pesticides.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a case-control study of PD nested in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), a cohort of pesticide applicators and spouses. We evaluated diet and pesticide use before diagnosis in 89 PD cases, confirmed by movement disorder specialists, or a corresponding date in 336 frequency-matched controls. Associati ...[more]

PMID: 24120951

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Project description:ObjectiveTo assess whether dietary fat intake influences Parkinson's disease risk.Data sourcesWe systematically surveyed the Embase and PubMed databases, reviewing manuscripts published prior to October 2018. The following terms were used: ("Paralysis agitans" OR "Parkinson disease" OR "Parkinson" OR "Parkinson's" OR "Parkinson's disease") AND ("fat" OR "dietary fat" OR "dietary fat intake").Data selectionIncluded studies were those with both dietary fat intake and Parkinson's disease risk as exposure factors. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was adapted to investigate the quality of included studies. Stata V12.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Outcome measuresThe primary outcomes included the relationship between high total energy intake, high total fat intake, and Parkinson's disease risk. The secondary outcomes included the relationship between different kinds of fatty acids and Parkinson's disease risk.ResultsNine articles met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into this meta-analysis. Four studies scored 7 and the other five studies scored 9 on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, meaning that all studies were of high quality. Meta-analysis results showed that high total energy intake was associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease (P = 0.000, odds ratio (OR) = 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26-1.75); in contrast, high total fat intake was not associated with Parkinson's disease risk (P = 0.123, OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.91-1.25). Subgroup analysis revealed that polyunsaturated fatty acid intake (P = 0.010, OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.88-1.20) reduced the risk of Parkinson's disease, while arachidonic acid (P = 0.026, OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.97-1.37) and cholesterol (P = 0.002, OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.92-1.29) both increased the risk of Parkinson's disease. Subgroup analysis also demonstrated that, although the results were not significant, consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.071, OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.73-1.05), ?-linolenic acid (P = 0.06, OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.72-1.02), and the n-3 to n-6 ratio (P = 0.458, OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.75-1.06) were all linked with a trend toward reduced Parkinson's disease risk. Monounsaturated fatty acid (P = 0.450, OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.91-1.23), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.100, OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.96-1.36) and linoleic acid (P = 0.053, OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.94-1.32) intakes were associated with a non-significant trend toward higher PD risk. Saturated fatty acid (P = 0.619, OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.87-1.18) intake was not associated with Parkinson's disease.ConclusionDietary fat intake affects Parkinson's disease risk, although this depends on the fatty acid subtype. Higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids may reduce the risk of Parkinson's disease, while higher cholesterol and arachidonic acid intakes may elevate Parkinson's disease risk. However, further studies and evidence are needed to validate any link between dietary fat intake and Parkinson's disease.

Project description:BackgroundExtensive literature suggests an association between general pesticide use and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, with few exceptions, little is known about associations between specific pesticides and PD.ObjectiveWe evaluated use of pesticides and incident PD in 38,274 pesticide applicators and 27,836 of their spouses in the Agricultural Health Study cohort followed over 20 years.MethodsWe used self-reported information on ever-use of 50 specific pesticides as of enrollment for both applicators and spouses, and considered intensity-weighted lifetime days (IWLD) reported at enrollment and through the first 5-year follow-up among applicators. We estimated covariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Cox regression. We also examined heterogeneity in associations by history of head injury and chemical resistant glove use.ResultsA total of 373 applicators and 118 spouses self-reported incident doctor-diagnosed PD. Ever-use of the insecticide terbufos (HR:1.31, 95%CI:1.02-1.68) and the herbicides trifluralin (HR:1.29, 95%CI: 0.99-1.70) and 2,4,5-T (HR:1.57, 95%CI:1.21-2.04) was associated with elevated PD risk. On the other hand, diazinon (HR:0.73, 95%CI: 0.58-0.94) and 2,4,5-TP (HR:0.39, 95%CI:0.25-0.62) were associated with reduced risk. We observed heterogeneity in ever-use associations by head injury and chemical-resistant glove use for some pesticides, with higher risk among those who reported a history of head injury, or who did not use gloves. PD risk was also elevated for applicators in the highest category of IWLD for dichlorvos, permethrin (animal use), and benomyl.ConclusionsWe found evidence of increased PD risk for some pesticides. Our results also suggest higher susceptibility for pesticide-associated PD among individuals with head injury as well as protection with use of chemical resistant gloves, although further research is needed to understand the impact of head injury. Research on current and newer pesticides, including mechanisms relevant to PD, is important given widespread pesticide use.

Dataset Information

Dietary fat intake, pesticide use, and Parkinson's disease.

Publications

Dietary fat intake, pesticide use, and Parkinson's disease.

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