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Nanostructured optical photonic crystal biosensor for HIV viral load measurement.

ABSTRACT: Detecting and quantifying biomarkers and viruses in biological samples have broad applications in early disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring. We have demonstrated a label-free optical sensing mechanism using nanostructured photonic crystals (PC) to capture and quantify intact viruses (HIV-1) from biologically relevant samples. The nanostructured surface of the PC biosensor resonantly reflects a narrow wavelength band during illumination with a broadband light source. Surface-adsorbed biotarget induces a shift in the resonant Peak Wavelength Value (PWV) that is detectable with <10 pm wavelength resolution, enabling detection of both biomolecular layers and small number of viruses that sparsely populate the transducer surface. We have successfully captured and detected HIV-1 in serum and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) samples with viral loads ranging from 10(4) to 10(8) copies/mL. The surface density of immobilized biomolecular layers used in the sensor functionalization process, including 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-MPS), N-gamma-Maleimidobutyryl-oxysuccinimide ester (GMBS), NeutrAvidin, anti-gp120, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were also quantified by the PC biosensor.

SUBMITTER: Shafiee H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3937800 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nanostructured optical photonic crystal biosensor for HIV viral load measurement.

Shafiee Hadi H Lidstone Erich A EA Jahangir Muntasir M Inci Fatih F Hanhauser Emily E Henrich Timothy J TJ Kuritzkes Daniel R DR Cunningham Brian T BT Demirci Utkan U

Scientific reports 20140228

Detecting and quantifying biomarkers and viruses in biological samples have broad applications in early disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring. We have demonstrated a label-free optical sensing mechanism using nanostructured photonic crystals (PC) to capture and quantify intact viruses (HIV-1) from biologically relevant samples. The nanostructured surface of the PC biosensor resonantly reflects a narrow wavelength band during illumination with a broadband light source. Surface-adsorbed biota ...[more]

PMID: 24576941

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Project description:Dried blood spot (DBS) may overestimate the viral RNA, mainly in patients with low viral load (VL), due to proviral DNA and intracellular RNA. The Burnett and HemaSpot provide integrated solutions for the collection, separation, and drying of plasma from whole blood. This study aims to evaluate the performance of both devices compared to plasma to identify antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure. The devices were separately evaluated in a cross-sectional design. Patients on ART were included for the studies (Burnett: 611, October 2019 to January 2020) and (HemaSpot: 620, November 2020 to April 2021). VL was tested using CAP/CTM96. The sensitivity and specificity of DBS, Burnett, and HemaSpot were determined, and plasma results were considered as a reference at a threshold of 1,000 copies/ml. For the Burnett study, 2,444 specimens, including plasma, DBS, venous Burnett (vBurnett), and capillary Burnett (cBurnett), were collected. Sensitivity of DBS, vBurnett, and cBurnett was 97.4%, 98.3%, and 97.5%, respectively, whereas specificity was 86.8% for DBS, 96.9% for vBurnett, and 93.9% for cBurnett. For the HemaSpot study, 1,860 specimens were collected, including plasma, DBS, and vHemaSpot. Sensitivity of DBS and vHemaSpot was 95.0% and 91.3%, respectively, whereas specificity was 86.9% for DBS and 94.5% for vHemaSpot. The misclassification rate was more prominent in DBS (4.8%) and HemaSpot (8.4%) but lower in vBurnett (2.0%) and cBurnett (3.2%). The Burnett showed better performance than DBS, whereas HemaSpot showed poorer performance than DBS. Nevertheless, both Burnett and HemaSpot have high rate of non-reportable results. In the current format, neither of the two devices is feasible for VL scale-up in resource-limited settings.IMPORTANCEBurnett and HemaSpot are two novel technologies that allow whole blood collection and plasma separation and stabilization at room temperature without the need of additional equipment. Hence, these devices are potential alternatives to fresh plasma as a suitable specimen for viral load scale-up to monitor antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings.

Dataset Information

Nanostructured optical photonic crystal biosensor for HIV viral load measurement.

Publications

Nanostructured optical photonic crystal biosensor for HIV viral load measurement.

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