Medications for sleep disturbances in children.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Felt BT
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3943656 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Medications for sleep disturbances in children.
Felt Barbara T BT Chervin Ronald D RD
Neurology. Clinical practice 20140201 1
At least 25% of infants, children, and adolescents have a sleep problem at some point during this developmental period. The management of pediatric sleep-related disorders often begins with behavioral strategies. While medications can be a useful adjunct, they are used off-label for sleep problems in this age group. When used, medications should be chosen carefully and targeted to specific outcomes as part of a comprehensive approach to management. This article reviews medications used for commo ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundAdequate sleep is important for proper neurodevelopment and positive health outcomes. Sleep disturbances are more prevalent in children with genetically determined neurodevelopmental syndromes compared with typically developing counterparts. We characterize sleep behavior in Rett (RTT), Angelman (AS), and Prader-Willi (PWS) syndromes to identify effective approaches for treating sleep problems in these populations. We compared sleep-related symptoms across individuals with these different syndromes with each other, and with typically developing controls.MethodsChildren were recruited from the Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network consortium registries; unaffected siblings were enrolled as related controls. For each participant, a parent completed multiple sleep questionnaires including Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (Sleep-Disordered Breathing), Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale.ResultsSleep data were analyzed from 714 participants, aged two to 18 years. Young children with AS had more reported sleep problems than children with RTT or PWS. Older children with RTT had more reported daytime sleepiness than those with AS or PWS. Finally, all individuals with RTT had more evidence of sleep-disordered breathing when compared with individuals with PWS. Notably, typically developing siblings were also reported to have sleep problems, except for sleep-related breathing disturbances, which were associated with each of the genetic syndromes.ConclusionsIndividuals with RTT, AS, and PWS frequently experience sleep problems, including sleep-disordered breathing. Screening for sleep problems in individuals with these and other neurogenetic disorders should be included in clinical assessment and managements. These data may also be useful in developing treatment strategies and in clinical trials.
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Project description:BackgroundExposure to childhood adversities (CA) is associated with sleep disturbances; however, evidence has largely been drawn from cross-sectional data and has not addressed the relationship across developmental stages. Also, most studies have primarily focused on non-Hispanic White cohorts with a dearth of longitudinal evidence about racial/ethnic minorities. We examined the longitudinal association between CA and sleep disturbances in Puerto Rican youth.MethodThe Boricua Youth Study is a longitudinal study of Puerto Rican youth living in San Juan, Puerto Rico, and the South Bronx, NY (N = 2491). Among youth 5-9 and 10-16 years old, sleep disturbances were assessed through three yearly interviews. Lifetime exposure to CA included parental loss, child maltreatment, parental maladjustment, and exposure to violence. Weighted generalized linear mixed models examined the longitudinal association between CA and sleep disturbances in youth adjusting for sociodemographic and contextual covariates.ResultsThe prevalence of sleep disturbances was similar in both age groups (ages 5-9 and 10-16). In multivariable mixed models, CA were associated with sleep disturbance across three Waves among 10-16-year-olds. For example, having 2-3 or ≥ 4 types of CA were related to a higher prevalence of trouble falling/staying asleep in models adjusting for social context, gender, welfare status, or mother's education. No associations were observed among 5-9-year-olds.ConclusionThe results suggest that cumulative adversities in childhood may lead to sleep problems in adolescence. These findings highlight the utility of addressing CA during childhood to help reduce sleep-wake disorders throughout adolescence, a known risk factor for future mental and physical health problems.
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Project description:BACKGROUND AND AIM:Predisposing factors place certain individuals at higher risk for insomnia, especially in the presence of precipitating conditions such as stressful life events. Sleep spindles have been shown to play an important role in the preservation of sleep continuity. Lower spindle density might thus constitute an objective predisposing factor for sleep reactivity to stress. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the relationship between baseline sleep spindle density and the prospective change in insomnia symptoms in response to a standardized academic stressor. METHODS:Twelve healthy students had a polysomnography recording during a period of lower stress at the beginning of the academic semester, along with an assessment of insomnia complaints using the insomnia severity index (ISI). They completed a second ISI assessment at the end of the semester, a period coinciding with the week prior to final examinations and thus higher stress. Spindle density, amplitude, duration, and frequency, as well as sigma power were computed from C4-O2 electroencephalography derivation during stages N2-N3 of non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep, across the whole night and for each NREM sleep period. To test for the relationship between spindle density and changes in insomnia symptoms in response to academic stress, spindle measurements at baseline were correlated with changes in ISI across the academic semester. RESULTS:Spindle density (as well as spindle amplitude and sigma power), particularly during the first NREM sleep period, negatively correlated with changes in ISI (p?<?0.05). CONCLUSION:Lower spindle activity, especially at the beginning of the night, prospectively predicted larger increases in insomnia symptoms in response to stress. This result indicates that individual differences in sleep spindle activity contribute to the differential vulnerability to sleep disturbances in the face of precipitating factors.
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Project description:BackgroundMenstrual disturbances harm women's health, and general well-being. As growing evidence highlights the relationship between sleep and menstrual disturbances, it is imperative to comprehensively examine the association between sleep and menstrual disturbance considering the multiple dimensions of sleep. This systematic review aims to identify the association between sleep and menstrual disturbances by evaluating using Buysse's sleep health framework.MethodsA comprehensive search of the literature was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, psychINFO, and CINAHL to identify publications describing any types of menstrual disturbances, and their associations with sleep published between January 1, 1988 to June 2, 2022. Quality assessment was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. The findings were iteratively evaluated menstrual disturbances and their association with sleep using Buysse's sleep health framework. This framework understands sleep as multidimensional concept and provides a holistic framing of sleep including Satisfaction, Alertness during waking hours, Timing of sleep, Efficiency, and Sleep duration. Menstrual disturbances were grouped into three categories: premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea, and abnormal menstrual cycle/heavy bleeding during periods.ResultsThirty-five studies were reviewed to examine the association between sleep and menstrual disturbances. Premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea were associated with sleep disturbances in sleep health domains of Satisfaction (e.g., poor sleep quality), Alertness during waking hours (e.g., daytime sleepiness), Efficiency (e.g., difficulty initiating/maintaining sleep), and Duration (e.g., short sleep duration). Abnormal menstrual cycle and heavy bleeding during the period were related to Satisfaction, Efficiency, and Duration. There were no studies which investigated the timing of sleep.Conclusions/implicationsSleep disturbances within most dimensions of the sleep health framework negatively impact on menstrual disturbances. Future research should longitudinally examine the effects of sleep disturbances in all dimensions of sleep health with the additional objective sleep measure on menstrual disturbances. This review gives insight in that it can be recommended to provide interventions for improving sleep disturbances in women with menstrual disturbance.
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