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Omega 3 fatty acids as a host modulator in chronic periodontitis patients: a randomised, double-blind, palcebo-controlled, clinical trial.

ABSTRACT: PURPOSE:Periodontitis is an infectious disease caused predominantly by gram-negative anerobes. The host inflammatory response to these bacteria causes alveolar bone loss that is characterized as periodontitis. Omega-3 fatty acids (?-3 FAs) have anti-inflammatory properties, thus have been used to treat some chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease and rheumatoid arthritis. We aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with ?-3 FAs as a host modulating agent in patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS:Sixty otherwise healthy subjects with moderate and severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled in our randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The control group (CG, n=30) was treated with scaling and root planing (SRP) and given a placebo; the treatment group (TG, n=30) was treated with SRP and dietary supplementation of ?-3 FAs (one 300 mg tablet daily for 12 weeks). Periodontal clinical parameters and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated in all patients at baseline, a 6-week and 12-week period after treatment. RESULTS:A significant reduction in the gingival index, sulcus bleeding index, pocket depth, and clinical attachment level was found in the TG compared to the CG at a 12-week period. However, no statistically significant changes in serum CRP levels were found. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings suggest that ?-3 FAs can successfully reduce gingival inflammation, pocket depth, and attachment level gain. Dietary supplementation with ?-3 FAs may have potential benefits as a host modulatory agent in the prevention and/or adjunctive management of chronic periodontitis.

SUBMITTER: Deore GD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3945394 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Omega 3 fatty acids as a host modulator in chronic periodontitis patients: a randomised, double-blind, palcebo-controlled, clinical trial.

Deore Girish D GD Gurav Abhijit N AN Patil Rahul R Shete Abhijeet R AR Naiktari Ritam S RS Inamdar Saurabh P SP

Journal of periodontal & implant science 20140226 1

<h4>Purpose</h4>Periodontitis is an infectious disease caused predominantly by gram-negative anerobes. The host inflammatory response to these bacteria causes alveolar bone loss that is characterized as periodontitis. Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs) have anti-inflammatory properties, thus have been used to treat some chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease and rheumatoid arthritis. We aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with ω-3 FAs as a host modulating age ...[more]

PMID: 24616831

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Project description:While cardiovascular and mood benefits of dietary omega-3 fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are manifest, direct neurophysiological evidence of their effects on cortical activity is still limited. Hence we chose to examine the effects of two proprietary fish oil products with different EPA:DHA ratios (EPA-rich, high EPA:DHA; DHA-rich) on mental processing speed and visual evoked brain activity. We proposed that nonlinear multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP) would be sensitive to any alteration of the neural function induced by omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, because the higher order kernel responses directly measure the degree of recovery of the neural system as a function of time following stimulation. Twenty-two healthy participants aged 18-34, with no known neurological or psychiatric disorder and not currently taking any nutritional supplementation, were recruited. A double-blind, crossover design was utilized, including a 30-day washout period, between two 30-day supplementation periods of the EPA-rich and DHA-rich diets (with order of diet randomized). Psychophysical choice reaction times and multi-focal nonlinear visual evoked potential (VEP) testing were performed at baseline (No Diet), and after each supplementation period. Following the EPA-rich supplementation, for stimulation at high luminance contrast, a significant reduction in the amplitude of the first slice of the second order VEP kernel response, previously related to activation in the magnocellular pathway, was observed. The correlations between the amplitude changes of short latency second and first order components were significantly different for the two supplementations. Significantly faster choice reaction times were observed psychophysically (compared with baseline performance) under the EPA-rich (but not DHA-rich) supplementation, while simple reaction times were not affected. The reduced nonlinearities observed under the EPA-rich diet suggest a mechanism involving more efficient neural recovery of magnocellular-like visual responses following cortical activation.

Project description:BackgroundObesity is associated with enhanced lipid accumulation and the expansion of adipose tissue accompanied by hypoxia and inflammatory signalling. Investigation in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) in people living with obesity in which metabolic complications such as insulin resistance are yet to manifest is limited, and the mechanisms by which these processes are dysregulated are not well elucidated. Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) have been shown to modulate the expression of genes associated with lipid accumulation and collagen deposition and reduce the number of inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue from individuals with insulin resistance. Therefore, these lipids may have positive actions on obesity associated scWAT hypertrophy and inflammation.MethodsTo evaluate obesity-associated tissue remodelling and responses to LC n-3 PUFAs, abdominal scWAT biopsies were collected from normal weight individuals and those living with obesity prior to and following 12-week intervention with marine LC n-3 PUFAs (1.1 g EPA + 0.8 g DHA daily). RNA sequencing, qRT-PCR, and histochemical staining were used to assess remodelling- and inflammatory-associated gene expression, tissue morphology and macrophage infiltration.ResultsObesity was associated with scWAT hypertrophy (P < 0.001), hypoxia, remodelling, and inflammatory macrophage infiltration (P = 0.023). Furthermore, we highlight the novel dysregulation of Wnt signalling in scWAT in non-insulin resistant obesity. LC n-3 PUFAs beneficially modulated the scWAT environment through downregulating the expression of genes associated with inflammatory and remodelling pathways (P <0.001), but there were altered outcomes in individuals living with obesity in comparison to normal weight individuals.ConclusionOur data identify dysregulation of Wnt signalling, hypoxia, and hypertrophy, and enhanced macrophage infiltration in scWAT in non-insulin resistant obesity. LC n-3 PUFAs modulate some of these processes, especially in normal weight individuals which may be preventative and limit the development of restrictive and inflammatory scWAT in the development of obesity. We conclude that a higher dose or longer duration of LC n-3 PUFA intervention may be needed to reduce obesity-associated scWAT inflammation and promote tissue homeostasis.Clinical trial registrationwww.isrctn.com, identifier ISRCTN96712688.

Project description:BackgroundThe body is dependent on the exogenous supply of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA). These essential fatty acids are key players in regulating metabolic signaling but also exert anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. The liver is a major metabolic organ involved in fatty acid metabolism. Under experimental conditions, n3-PUFA exert beneficial effect on hepatic steatosis, regeneration and inflammatory insults such as ischemic injury after surgery. Some of these effects have also been observed in human subjects. However, it is unclear whether perioperative administration of n3-PUFA is sufficient to protect the liver from ischemic injury. Therefore, we designed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing n3-PUFA (pre-) conditioning strategies in patients scheduled for liver surgery.Methods/designThe Omegaven trial is a multi-centric, double-blind, randomized, placebo- controlled trial applying two single doses of Omegaven or placebo on 258 patients undergoing major liver resection. Primary endpoints are morbidity and mortality one month after hospital discharge, defined by the Clavien- Dindo classification of surgical complications (Ann Surg 240(2):205-13, 2004) as well as the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) (Ann Surg 258(1):1-7, 2013). Secondary outcome variables include length of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and hospital stay, postoperative liver function tests, fatty acid and eicosanoid concentration, inflammatory markers in serum and in liver tissue. An interim analysis is scheduled after the first 30 patients per randomization group.DiscussionLong-term administration of n3-PUFA have a beneficial effect on metabolism and hepatic injury. Patients often require surgery without much delay, thus long-term n3-PUFA uptake is not possible. Also, lack of compliance may lead to incomplete n3-PUFA substitution. Hence, perioperative Omegaven™ may provide an easy and controllable way to ensure hepaative application of tic protection.Trial registrationClinicalTrial.gov: ID: NCT01884948 , registered June 14, 2013; Institution Ethical Board Approval: KEK-ZH-Nr. 2010-0038; Swissmedic Notification: 2012DR3215.

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Project description:BACKGROUND:Endometriosis is defined by the presence of endometrial-like tissue (lesions) outside the uterus, commonly on the pelvic peritoneum. It affects 6-10% of women and is associated with debilitating pelvic pain. Current management options are often unsatisfactory. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (O-PUFA) have the potential to reduce the painful symptoms associated with endometriosis, reduce lesion size, preserve the patient's ability to conceive, and have minimal side effects. We performed a two-arm, parallel double-blinded randomised controlled trial to inform the planning of a future multicentre randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of O-PUFA for endometriosis-associated pain. OBJECTIVES:The primary objectives of the trial were to assess recruitment and retention rates. The secondary objectives were to determine the acceptability to women of the proposed methods of recruitment, randomisation, treatments and questionnaires, to estimate the variability in the proposed primary endpoints to inform the sample size calculation and to refine the research methodology for the future definitive trial. METHODS:We recruited women with endometriosis from June 2016 to June 2017 and randomised them to eight weeks of treatment with O-PUFA or olive oil. Pain scores and quality of life questionnaires were collected at baseline and eight weeks. We calculated the proportion of eligible women randomised, and of randomised participants who were followed up to eight weeks. Acceptability questionnaires were used to evaluate women's experiences of the trial. RESULTS:The proportion of eligible participants who were randomised was 45.2% (33/73) and 81.8% (27/33) completed the study. The majority of participants described their overall trial experience favourably and there were no adverse events in either group. CONCLUSION:Our pilot trial supports the feasibility of a future larger trial to definitively evaluate the efficacy of O-PUFA for endometriosis-associated pain. TRIAL REGISTRATION:The trial was registered on the ISRCTN registry (registration number ISRCTN44202346).

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Omega 3 fatty acids as a host modulator in chronic periodontitis patients: a randomised, double-blind, palcebo-controlled, clinical trial.

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Omega 3 fatty acids as a host modulator in chronic periodontitis patients: a randomised, double-blind, palcebo-controlled, clinical trial.

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