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The glaucoma-associated olfactomedin domain of myocilin forms polymorphic fibrils that are constrained by partial unfolding and peptide sequence.

ABSTRACT: The glaucoma-associated olfactomedin domain of myocilin (myoc-OLF) is a recent addition to the growing list of disease-associated amyloidogenic proteins. Inherited, disease-causing myocilin variants aggregate intracellularly instead of being secreted to the trabecular meshwork, which is a scenario toxic to trabecular meshwork cells and leads to early onset of ocular hypertension, the major risk factor for glaucoma. Here we systematically structurally and biophysically dissected myoc-OLF to better understand its amyloidogenesis. Under mildly destabilizing conditions, wild-type myoc-OLF adopts non-native structures that readily fibrillize when incubated at a temperature just below the transition for tertiary unfolding. With buffers at physiological pH, two main endpoint fibril morphologies are observed: (a) straight fibrils common to many amyloids and (b) unique micron-length, ~300 nm or larger diameter, species that lasso oligomers, which also exhibit classical spectroscopic amyloid signatures. Three disease-causing variants investigated herein exhibit non-native tertiary structures under physiological conditions, leading to a variety of growth rates and a fibril morphologies. In particular, the well-documented D380A variant, which lacks calcium, forms large circular fibrils. Two amyloid-forming peptide stretches have been identified, one for each of the main fibril morphologies observed. Our study places myoc-OLF within the larger landscape of the amylome and provides insight into the diversity of myoc-OLF aggregation that plays a role in glaucoma pathogenesis.

SUBMITTER: Hill SE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3946817 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Heterozygous mutations in the myocilin gene (MYOC) cause glaucoma by an unknown mechanism. MYOC encodes an extracellular protein of unidentified function that undergoes intracellular endoproteolytic processing in the secretory pathway. It has been described that co-expression of wild-type/mutant myocilin reduces the secretion of the wild-type protein and that single expression of glaucoma myocilin mutants reduces its proteolytic processing. However, the effect of wild-type myocilin on mutant myocilin secretion and how mutant myocilin affects the proteolytic processing of wild-type myocilin have not been investigated. We herein analyze these two issues.We modeled the heterozygous state for 4 missense (E323K, R346T, P370L, D380A) and 1 nonsense (Q368X) myocilin mutants by transiently co-expressing each mutant with the wild-type protein in HEK-293T cells. Recombinant mutant and wild-type myocilin in both culture media and cellular fractions were quantified by western immunoblot and densitometry.A 24 h transient co-expression of each myocilin mutant with the wild-type protein elicited an augmented secretion of the mutant forms from 1.5 fold (D380A) to 5.4 fold (E323K). Under such conditions, extracellular mutant myocilin represented up to 20% of the total mutant protein. Other than this effect, secreted wild-type myocilin significantly decreased from 2.6 fold (E323K) to 36 fold (Q368X). When myocilin proteolytic processing was enhanced (96 hour co-expression) the extracellular amount of wild-type processed myocilin diminished from approximately 2.1 fold (E323K) to 6.3 fold (P370L). Nonreducing SDS-PAGE indicated that extracellular myocilin resulting from 24 h co-expression of wild-type myocilin and each of the 4 missense mutants forms hetero-oligomers and that glaucoma mutations do not increase the size of myocilin aggregates.Increased extracellular levels of mutant myocilin expressed in heterozygosis may play a relevant role in glaucoma pathogenesis. This effect is likely the result of intracellular mutant/wild-type myocilin hetero-oligomerization.

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The glaucoma-associated olfactomedin domain of myocilin forms polymorphic fibrils that are constrained by partial unfolding and peptide sequence.

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