Dataset Information

Basal ganglia plus insula damage yields stronger disruption of smoking addiction than basal ganglia damage alone.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

The main objective of this study was to elucidate the importance of the basal ganglia (BG) and insula (INS) for nicotine addiction and smoking behavior.

Methods

We used a lesion study examining the effects of BG and INS damage on changes in smoking behavior and nicotine dependence over time in a prospective manner. We studied whether combined BG and INS damage yields more substantial disruption of smoking and nicotine dependence than damage to the BG alone and compared with damage to other brain regions outside the BG and INS (brain-damaged comparison [BDC] group). We obtained neuroanatomical and behavioral data for 63 neurological patients with stroke at 1 month after onset and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. All patients were smokers at lesion onset.

Results

The BG and BG + INS groups had significantly higher and more sustained rates of smoking cessation than patients with damage elsewhere. By 12 months after onset, only 14.3% of the patients in the BDC group were classified as nonsmokers. In the BG group, 37% were not smoking by the 12-month follow-up, and in the BG + INS group, smoking cessation was even more pronounced, as 75% of this group was not smoking at the 12-month epoch.

Conclusions

The findings show that damage to the BG alone can cause disruption of smoking addiction, and when BG damage is combined with INS damage, the disruption increases. The latter finding is consistent with the proposal that the INS has a key role in smoking addiction.

SUBMITTER: Gaznick N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3954424 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Basal ganglia plus insula damage yields stronger disruption of smoking addiction than basal ganglia damage alone.

Gaznick Natassia N Tranel Daniel D McNutt Ashton A Bechara Antoine A

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 20131029 4

<h4>Introduction</h4>The main objective of this study was to elucidate the importance of the basal ganglia (BG) and insula (INS) for nicotine addiction and smoking behavior.<h4>Methods</h4>We used a lesion study examining the effects of BG and INS damage on changes in smoking behavior and nicotine dependence over time in a prospective manner. We studied whether combined BG and INS damage yields more substantial disruption of smoking and nicotine dependence than damage to the BG alone and compare ...[more]

PMID: 24169814

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Project description:BackgroundMusician's dystonia critically impacts professional musicians' careers as they may lose musical skills, which have been acquired through long and intensive training. Yet the pathophysiology of musician's dystonia and its link to the neural mechanisms supporting musical skills is poorly understood. We tested if resting-state functional connectivity might reflect an aspect of musical skill linked to the pathophysiology of musician's dystonia. We also tested a second hypothesis that the region with altered resting-state functional connectivity might be correlated with a quantitative measure of musical skills.MethodsWe studied 21 patients with musician's dystonia affecting their hands and 34 healthy musicians, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral assessment. We tested between-group differences of resting-state functional connectivity throughout the whole brain using independent component analysis.ResultsWe found abnormal basal ganglia resting-state functional connectivity in the putamina of patients with musician's dystonia compared with those of healthy musicians (P = 0.035 corrected for multiple comparisons). We also found that the temporal precision of keystrokes was correlated with basal ganglia functional connectivity in the putamina of healthy pianists (r = 0.72, P = 0.0005), but not in pianists with musician's dystonia (r = -0.11, P = 0.64).ConclusionsWe show that abnormalities of the putamen exist even at rest in musician's dystonia, whereas putaminal abnormality has previously been reported during a task. Moreover, basal ganglia resting-state functional connectivity in the putamen represented training levels in healthy musicians, and its disruption was associated with musician's dystonia. This novel finding hints at the pathophysiological mechanisms by which musician's dystonia follows extensive musical training. © 2018 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Dataset Information

Basal ganglia plus insula damage yields stronger disruption of smoking addiction than basal ganglia damage alone.

Introduction

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Basal ganglia plus insula damage yields stronger disruption of smoking addiction than basal ganglia damage alone.

Similar Datasets

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