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Regulatory T cells limit induction of protective immunity and promote immune pathology following intestinal helminth infection.

ABSTRACT: Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) have a well-characterized role in limiting autoimmunity and dampening deleterious immune responses. However, a potential consequence of the immunosuppressive function of Tregs can be the limitation of protective immunity to infectious pathogens. Parasitic infections are a potent stimulus for the generation of Treg responses, which may be beneficial to both the parasite and the host by promoting persistence of infection and limiting immune-mediated pathology, respectively. In this study, we explore the functional role of Tregs post-low-dose infection with the intestinal helminth parasite Trichuris muris, which yields a chronic infection because of inefficient induction of Th2 responses. Early Treg depletion postinfection resulted in expedited worm clearance, and was associated with reduced Th1-mediated inflammation of the intestinal environment. Interestingly, this protective immunity was lost, and worm burden enhanced if Tregs were depleted later once the infection was established. Early and late Treg depletion resulted in enhanced Th2 and reduced Th1 cytokine and humoral responses. Blockade of the Th2 cytokine IL-4 resulted in a moderate increase in Th1 but had no effect on worm burden. Our findings suggest that Tregs preferentially limit Th2 cell expansion, which can impact infections where clear immune polarity has not been established. Thus, the impact of Treg depletion is context and time dependent, and can be beneficial to the host in situations where Th1 responses should be limited in favor of Th2 responses.

SUBMITTER: Sawant DV

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3955731 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Regulatory T cells limit induction of protective immunity and promote immune pathology following intestinal helminth infection.

Sawant Deepali V DV Gravano David M DM Vogel Peter P Giacomin Paul P Artis David D Vignali Dario A A DA

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 20140214 6

Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) have a well-characterized role in limiting autoimmunity and dampening deleterious immune responses. However, a potential consequence of the immunosuppressive function of Tregs can be the limitation of protective immunity to infectious pathogens. Parasitic infections are a potent stimulus for the generation of Treg responses, which may be beneficial to both the parasite and the host by promoting persistence of infection and limiting immune-mediated pathology, r ...[more]

PMID: 24532574

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Project description:The heat shock response is a critical component of the inflammatory cascade that prevents misfolding of new proteins and regulates immune responses. Activation of clusters of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells causes an upregulation of heat shock transcription factor, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). We hypothesized that HSF1 promotes a pro-regulatory phenotype during inflammation. To validate this hypothesis, we interrogated cell-specific HSF1 knockout mice and HSF1 transgenic mice using in vitro and in vivo techniques. We determined that while HSF1 expression was induced by anti-CD3 stimulation alone, the combination of anti-CD3 and transforming growth factor β, a vital cytokine for regulatory T cell (Treg) development, resulted in increased activating phosphorylation of HSF1, leading to increased nuclear translocation and binding to heat shock response elements. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we demonstrate the direct binding of HSF1 to foxp3 in isolated murine CD4+ T cells, which in turn coincided with induction of FoxP3 expression. We defined that conditional knockout of HSF1 decreased development and function of Tregs and overexpression of HSF1 led to increased expression of FoxP3 along with enhanced Treg suppressive function. Adoptive transfer of CD45RBHigh CD4 colitogenic T cells along with HSF1 transgenic CD25+ Tregs prevented intestinal inflammation when wild-type Tregs did not. Finally, overexpression of HSF1 provided enhanced barrier function and protection from murine ileitis. This study demonstrates that HSF1 promotes Treg development and function and may represent both a crucial step in the development of induced regulatory T cells and an exciting target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases with a regulatory T-cell component. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The heat shock response (HSR) is a canonical stress response triggered by a multitude of stressors, including inflammation. Evidence supports the role of the HSR in regulating inflammation, yet there is a paucity of data on its influence in T cells specifically. Gut homeostasis reflects a balance between regulatory clusters of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells and pro-inflammatory T-helper (Th)17 cells. We show that upon activation within T cells, heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) translocates to the nucleus, and stimulates Treg-specific gene expression. HSF1 deficiency hinders Treg development and function and conversely, HSF1 overexpression enhances Treg development and function. While this work, focuses on HSF1 as a novel therapeutic target for intestinal inflammation, the findings have significance for a broad range of inflammatory conditions.

Dataset Information

Regulatory T cells limit induction of protective immunity and promote immune pathology following intestinal helminth infection.

Publications

Regulatory T cells limit induction of protective immunity and promote immune pathology following intestinal helminth infection.

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