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Early and 1-year outcome and predictors of adverse outcome following monocusp pulmonary valve reconstruction for patients with tetralogy of Fallot: A prospective observational study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with monocusp pulmonary valve reconstruction prevents pulmonary regurgitation (PR) for a variable period. Since postoperative outcome is governed by PR and right ventricular function, we sought to assess the severity of pulmonary regurgitation and right ventricular outflow (RVOT) gradient in the immediate postoperative period and at 1 year and attempted to identify the anatomical substrates responsible for adverse outcomes. METHODS:The study included 30 patients. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed before surgery, within 5 days of surgery, and 1 year later. Presence and severity of PR, RVOT gradient, and residual branch pulmonary stenosis were assessed. Right ventricular and monocusp valve functions were studied. RESULTS:Median age was 36.5 months (3-444 months). There were no deaths. Pulmonary regurgitation was mild in 18, moderate in 10, and severe in 2 patients immediately following surgery. At 1 year, 10 patients had severe PR and one had significant RVOT gradient. None of the variables like age, presence of supravalvar pulmonary branch stenosis, main pulmonary artery diameter, or mobility of monocusp valve was found to have any significant association with the progression of PR. McGoon index <1.5 showed a trend toward more PR, while patients with more residual RVOT gradient had lesser regurgitation. CONCLUSIONS:Repair of TOF with monocusp pulmonary valve reduces immediate postoperative PR. At 1 year, the monocusp valve underwent loss of function in a significant proportion and PR also progressed. This study could not identify any predictors of progression of PR, though patients with McGoon index <1.5 tended to have more PR while those with more outflow gradient had lesser PR.

SUBMITTER: Sasikumar D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3959063 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Early and 1-year outcome and predictors of adverse outcome following monocusp pulmonary valve reconstruction for patients with tetralogy of Fallot: A prospective observational study.

Sasikumar Deepa D Sasidharan Bijulal B Tharakan Jaganmohan A JA Dharan Baiju S BS Mathew Thomas T Karunakaran Jayakumar J

Annals of pediatric cardiology 20140101 1

<h4>Background and objectives</h4>Repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with monocusp pulmonary valve reconstruction prevents pulmonary regurgitation (PR) for a variable period. Since postoperative outcome is governed by PR and right ventricular function, we sought to assess the severity of pulmonary regurgitation and right ventricular outflow (RVOT) gradient in the immediate postoperative period and at 1 year and attempted to identify the anatomical substrates responsible for adverse outcomes.<h4 ...[more]

PMID: 24701078

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Project description:ObjectivesRisk factors associated with adverse cardiac events (cardiac AEs) after pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot are incompletely understood. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between histological myocardial fibrosis and cardiac AEs after PVR in patients with rTOF.MethodsWe consecutively collected clinical, cardiac magnetic resonance, echocardiography and electrocardiogram data of 51 patients with rTOF who underwent surgical PVR. The right ventricular outflow tract tissue was collected during the PVR and the degree of histological myocardial fibrosis was determined by a tailor-made automated image analysis method of picrosirius red staining.ResultsThe median follow-up time was 4.9 years, and 14 patients had cardiac AEs (a composite of heart failure admission and arrhythmia) during follow-up. The total analysis area of myocardial samples was 5782.18 mm2, and the median percentage of myocardial fibrosis was 20.6% (interquartile range 16.7-27.0%), which were significantly elevated in patients with cardiac AEs compared with patients without cardiac AEs (24.1% vs 19.7%, P = 0.007). Right ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular end-systolic volume index were significantly associated with myocardial fibrosis in multivariable stepwise linear regression analysis (R2 = 0.238). Cox proportional hazards regression identified degree of myocardial fibrosis [hazard ratio 1.127; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.047-1.213; P = 0.001] and age at PVR (hazard ratio 1.062; 95% CI 1.010-1.116; P = 0.019) were associated with increased risk of cardiac AEs. The incidence of adverse cardiac events was significantly increased when myocardial fibrosis >20.1% and age at PVR >18.2 years.ConclusionsHistological myocardial fibrosis was associated with biventricular systolic functions in rTOF. Higher myocardial fibrosis and older age at PVR are independent risk factors for the adverse cardiac events after PVR in patients with rTOF.

Project description:Background Tetralogy of Fallot repair results in late occurrence of pulmonary regurgitation, which requires pulmonary valve replacement in a large proportion of patients. Both homografts and bioprostheses are used for pulmonary valve replacement as uncertainty remains on which prosthesis should be considered superior. We performed a long-term imaging and clinical comparison between these 2 strategies. Methods and Results We compared echocardiographic and clinical follow-up data of 209 patients with previous tetralogy of Fallot repair who underwent pulmonary valve replacement with homograft (n=75) or bioprosthesis (n=134) between 1995 and 2018 at a tertiary hospital. The primary end point was the composite of pulmonary valve replacement reintervention and structural valve deterioration, defined as a transpulmonary pressure decrease ?50 mm Hg or pulmonary regurgitation degree of ?2. Mixed linear model and Cox regression model were used for comparisons. Echocardiographic follow-up duration was longer in the homograft group (8 [interquartile range, 4-12] versus 4 [interquartile range, 3-6] years; P<0.001). At the latest echocardiographic follow-up, homografts showed a significantly lower transpulmonary systolic pressure decrease (16 [interquartile range, 12-25] mm Hg) when compared with bioprostheses (28 [interquartile range, 18-41] mm Hg; mixed model P<0.001) and a similar degree of pulmonary regurgitation (degree 0-4) (1 [interquartile range, 0-2] versus 2 [interquartile range, 0-2]; mixed model P=0.19). At 9 years, freedom from structural valve deterioration and reintervention was 81.6% (95% CI, 71.5%-91.6%) versus 43.4% (95% CI, 23.6%-63.2%) in the homograft and bioprosthesis groups, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.13-0.55; P<0.001). Conclusions When compared with bioprostheses, pulmonary homografts were associated lower transvalvular gradient during follow-up and were associated with a significantly lower risk of reintervention or structural valve degeneration.

Project description:BackgroundTetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one of the most common cyanotic congenital heart diseases. Pulmonary regurgitation is the most common and severe comorbidity after transannular patch (TAP) repair of TOF patients. It has not been confirmed whether a TAP repair with monocusp valve reconstruction would benefit TOF patients in perioperative period compared to those without monocusp valve reconstruction. The purpose of the study is to review and analyze all clinical studies that have compared perioperative outcomes of TOF patients undergoing TAP repair with or without monocusp valve reconstruction and conduct a preferable surgery.MethodsEligible studies were identified by searching the electronic databases. The year of publication of studies was restricted from 2000 till present. The primary outcome was perioperative mortality, and secondary outcomes included cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamp time, ventilation duration, ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, perioperative right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) pressure gradient, and moderate or severe pulmonary regurgitation (PR). The meta-analysis and forest plots were drawn using Review Manager 5.3. Statistically significant was considered when p-value ≤ 0.05.ResultsEight studies were included which consisted of 8 retrospective cohort study and 2 randomized controlled trial. The 10 studies formed a pool of 526 TOF patients in total, in which are 300 undergoing TAP repair with monocusp valve reconstruction (monocusp group) compared to 226 undergoing TAP repair without monocusp valve reconstruction (non-monocusp group). It demonstrated no significant differences between two groups in perioperative mortality (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.20-2.41, p = 0.58). It demonstrated significant differences in perioperative cardiopulmonary bypass time (minute, 95% CI 17.93-28.42, p < 0.00001), mean length of ICU stay (day, 95% CI - 2.11-0.76, p < 0.0001), and the degree of perioperative PR (OR = 0.03, 95% CI 0.010.12, p < 0.00001). Significant differences were not found in other secondary outcomes.ConclusionTransannular patch repair with monocusp valve reconstruction have significant advantages on decreasing length of ICU stay and reducing degree of PR for TOF patients. Large, multicenter, randomized, prospective studies which focuse on perioperative outcomes and postoperative differences based on long-term follow-up between TAP repair with and without monocusp valve reconstruction are needed.

Project description:BackgroundIn repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF), abnormal left ventricular (LV) rotational mechanics are associated with adverse clinical outcomes. We performed a comprehensive analysis of LV rotational mechanics in rTOF patients using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) prior to and following surgical pulmonary valve replacement (PVR).MethodsIn this single center retrospective study, we identified rTOF patients who (1) had both a CMR ≤ 1 year before PVR and ≤ 5 years after PVR, (2) had no other intervening procedure between CMRs, (3) had a body surface area > 1.0 m2 at CMR, and (4) had images suitable for feature tracking analysis. These subjects were matched to healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects. CMR feature tracking analysis was performed on a ventricular short-axis stack of balanced steady-state free precession images. Measurements included LV basal and apical rotation, twist, torsion, peak systolic rates of rotation and torsion, and timing of events. Associations with LV torsion were assessed.ResultsA total of 60 rTOF patients (23.6 ± 7.9 years, 52% male) and 30 healthy control subjects (20.8 ± 3.1 years, 50% male) were included. Compared with healthy controls, rTOF patients had lower apical and basal rotation, twist, torsion, and systolic rotation rates, and these parameters peaked earlier in systole. The only parameters that were correlated with LV torsion were right ventricular (RV) end-systolic volume (r = - 0.28, p = 0.029) and RV ejection fraction (r = 0.26, p = 0.044). At a median of 1.0 year (IQR 0.5-1.7) following PVR, there was no significant change in LV rotational parameters versus pre-PVR despite reductions in RV volumes, RV mass, pulmonary regurgitation, and RV outflow tract obstruction.ConclusionIn this comprehensive study of CMR-derived LV rotational mechanics in rTOF patients, rotation, twist, and torsion were diminished compared to controls and did not improve at a median of 1 year after PVR despite favorable RV remodeling.

Project description:ObjectivesThe study objectives were to reconfirm the superiority of the pulmonary valve-sparing procedure versus the transannular patch procedure for repair of tetralogy of Fallot and to evaluate the influence of a right ventriculotomy in the pulmonary valve-sparing procedure.MethodsBetween 1978 and 2003, 440 patients (aged <10 years) underwent tetralogy of Fallot repair. Of these patients, 242 (55.0%) underwent the transannular patch procedure, 106 (24.1%) underwent the pulmonary valve-sparing procedure without right ventriculotomy, and 92 (20.9%) underwent the pulmonary valve-sparing procedure with right ventriculotomy. End points focused on adverse events and included all-cause mortality, reoperation, catheter intervention, and symptomatic arrhythmias. To compare the outcomes of pulmonary valve sparing with and without right ventriculotomy, inverse probability weighting was applied to adjust for potential confounding factors.ResultsThe median follow-up period was 20.3 years (interquartile range, 10.7-27.6). In all cohorts, the pulmonary valve-sparing procedure was the independent factor that reduced adverse events after tetralogy of Fallot repair (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.94; P = .033). After weighting, there was no difference in overall survival or event-free survival in the pulmonary valve-sparing with and without right ventriculotomy group. However, the pulmonary valve-sparing with right ventriculotomy group exhibited a larger cardiothoracic ratio (beta: 6.01; 95% confidence interval, 2.36-9.66; P = .001), lower medication-free rate (odds ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.098-0.79; P = .019), and higher New York Heart Association functional classification (odds ratio, 2.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.36-6.80; P = .007) at the latest follow-up.ConclusionsRight ventriculotomy for tetralogy of Fallot repair with pulmonary valve-sparing did not increase major adverse events. However, negative impacts on current status cannot be ignored.

Project description:ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to characterize the anatomy of aortopulmonary collateral (APC) arteries in tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary stenosis and to determine whether APC density identified on preoperative multidetector cardiac computed tomography predicts in-hospital outcome.MethodsThe retrospective single-centre study includes consecutive 135 (2015-2019) patients who underwent one-stage repair. Preoperative multidetector cardiac computed tomography, echocardiography and clinical outcomes were reviewed. The cut-off value of indexed total distal APC cross-sectional area (APC-CSA) was identified by receiver operating characteristic curve. Logistic regression was used for predictors analysis.ResultsThe median age and body weight were 19.7 (10.1-89.7) months and 10 (8.3-18) kg. A total of 337 APCs were detected with only one demonstrating severe stenosis. There was a strong and significant correlation between mean APC diameter per patient and age (r = 0.70, P < 0.001). APCs were imaged but mainly received no interventions. In-hospital mortality was similar between patients with high (indexed APC-CSA ≥3.0 mm2/m2) and low (<3.0 mm2/m2) APC density (P = 0.642). Significantly greater patients with high indexed APC-CSA experienced the in-hospital composite outcome of death, arrest, renal/hepatic injury, lactic acidosis or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (P = 0.007). High APC density was associated with greater dosing (P = 0.008) and longer (P = 0.01) use of inotropic support, prolonged pleural drainage (P = 0.013), longer ventilation (P = 0.042), intensive care unit (P = 0.014) and hospital (P = 0.027) duration. No reintervention and death occurred in the follow-up with the median duration of 24.4 (11-36.6) months. Multivariable analysis showed the Nakata index (P = 0.05) and high APC density (P = 0.02) independently predicted the composite outcome.ConclusionsIn tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary stenosis, APCs are likely to be dilated bronchial arteries. Preoperative multidetector cardiac computed tomography-derived APC density was as important as Nakata index in predicting the occurrence of in-hospital composite outcome. The APC-CSA of 3.0 mm2/m2 maybe considered as a threshold for risk stratification.

Dataset Information

Early and 1-year outcome and predictors of adverse outcome following monocusp pulmonary valve reconstruction for patients with tetralogy of Fallot: A prospective observational study.

Publications

Early and 1-year outcome and predictors of adverse outcome following monocusp pulmonary valve reconstruction for patients with tetralogy of Fallot: A prospective observational study.

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