Role of the phosphoinositide phosphatase FIG4 gene in familial epilepsy with polymicrogyria.
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ABSTRACT: Objective
The aim of this study was to identify the causal gene in a consanguineous Moroccan family with temporo-occipital polymicrogyria, psychiatric manifestations, and epilepsy, previously mapped to the 6q16-q22 region.Methods
We used exome sequencing and analyzed candidate variants in the 6q16-q22 locus, as well as a rescue assay in Fig4-null mouse fibroblasts and immunohistochemistry of Fig4-null mouse brains.Results
A homozygous missense mutation (p.Asp783Val) in the phosphoinositide phosphatase gene FIG4 was identified. Pathogenicity of the variant was supported by impaired rescue of the enlarged vacuoles in transfected fibroblasts from Fig4-deficient mice. Histologic examination of Fig4-null mouse brain revealed neurodevelopmental impairment in the hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum as well as impaired cerebellar gyration/foliation reminiscent of human cortical malformations.Conclusions
This study extends the spectrum of phenotypes associated with FIG4 mutations to include cortical malformation associated with seizures and psychiatric manifestations, in addition to the previously described Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4J and Yunis-Varón syndrome.
SUBMITTER: Baulac S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3962989 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Mutations of the lipid phosphatase FIG4 that regulates PI(3,5)P(2) are responsible for the recessive peripheral-nerve disorder CMT4J. We now describe nonsynonymous variants of FIG4 in 2% (9/473) of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). Heterozygosity for a deleterious allele of FIG4 appears to be a risk factor for ALS and PLS, extending the list of known ALS genes and increasing the clinical spectrum of FIG4-related diseases.
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Project description:Yunis-Varón syndrome (YVS) is an autosomal-recessive disorder with cleidocranial dysplasia, digital anomalies, and severe neurological involvement. Enlarged vacuoles are found in neurons, muscle, and cartilage. By whole-exome sequencing, we identified frameshift and missense mutations of FIG4 in affected individuals from three unrelated families. FIG4 encodes a phosphoinositide phosphatase required for regulation of PI(3,5)P(2) levels, and thus endosomal trafficking and autophagy. In a functional assay, both missense substitutions failed to correct the vacuolar phenotype of Fig4-null mouse fibroblasts. Homozygous Fig4-null mice exhibit features of YVS, including neurodegeneration and enlarged vacuoles in neurons. We demonstrate that Fig4-null mice also have small skeletons with reduced trabecular bone volume and cortical thickness and that cultured osteoblasts accumulate large vacuoles. Our findings demonstrate that homozygosity or compound heterozygosity for null mutations of FIG4 is responsible for YVS, the most severe known human phenotype caused by defective phosphoinositide metabolism. In contrast, in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4J (also caused by FIG4 mutations), one of the FIG4 alleles is hypomorphic and disease is limited to the peripheral nervous system. This genotype-phenotype correlation demonstrates that absence of FIG4 activity leads to central nervous system dysfunction and extensive skeletal anomalies. Our results describe a role for PI(3,5)P(2) signaling in skeletal development and maintenance.
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