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The genomes of four tapeworm species reveal adaptations to parasitism.


ABSTRACT: Tapeworms (Cestoda) cause neglected diseases that can be fatal and are difficult to treat, owing to inefficient drugs. Here we present an analysis of tapeworm genome sequences using the human-infective species Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus, Taenia solium and the laboratory model Hymenolepis microstoma as examples. The 115- to 141-megabase genomes offer insights into the evolution of parasitism. Synteny is maintained with distantly related blood flukes but we find extreme losses of genes and pathways that are ubiquitous in other animals, including 34 homeobox families and several determinants of stem cell fate. Tapeworms have specialized detoxification pathways, metabolism that is finely tuned to rely on nutrients scavenged from their hosts, and species-specific expansions of non-canonical heat shock proteins and families of known antigens. We identify new potential drug targets, including some on which existing pharmaceuticals may act. The genomes provide a rich resource to underpin the development of urgently needed treatments and control.

SUBMITTER: Tsai IJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3964345 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The genomes of four tapeworm species reveal adaptations to parasitism.

Tsai Isheng J IJ   Zarowiecki Magdalena M   Holroyd Nancy N   Garciarrubio Alejandro A   Sánchez-Flores Alejandro A   Brooks Karen L KL   Tracey Alan A   Bobes Raúl J RJ   Fragoso Gladis G   Sciutto Edda E   Aslett Martin M   Beasley Helen H   Bennett Hayley M HM   Cai Xuepeng X   Camicia Federico F   Clark Richard R   Cucher Marcela M   De Silva Nishadi N   Day Tim A TA   Deplazes Peter P   Estrada Karel K   Fernández Cecilia C   Holland Peter W H PWH   Hou Junling J   Hu Songnian S   Huckvale Thomas T   Hung Stacy S SS   Kamenetzky Laura L   Keane Jacqueline A JA   Kiss Ferenc F   Koziol Uriel U   Lambert Olivia O   Liu Kan K   Luo Xuenong X   Luo Yingfeng Y   Macchiaroli Natalia N   Nichol Sarah S   Paps Jordi J   Parkinson John J   Pouchkina-Stantcheva Natasha N   Riddiford Nick N   Rosenzvit Mara M   Salinas Gustavo G   Wasmuth James D JD   Zamanian Mostafa M   Zheng Yadong Y   Cai Jianping J   Soberón Xavier X   Olson Peter D PD   Laclette Juan P JP   Brehm Klaus K   Berriman Matthew M  

Nature 20130313 7443


Tapeworms (Cestoda) cause neglected diseases that can be fatal and are difficult to treat, owing to inefficient drugs. Here we present an analysis of tapeworm genome sequences using the human-infective species Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus, Taenia solium and the laboratory model Hymenolepis microstoma as examples. The 115- to 141-megabase genomes offer insights into the evolution of parasitism. Synteny is maintained with distantly related blood flukes but we find extreme losses of g  ...[more]

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