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Trans-fatty acid consumption and heart rate variability in 2 separate cohorts of older and younger adults.

ABSTRACT: Trans-fatty acid (TFA) consumption is associated with risk of coronary heart disease, and trans-18:2, but not trans-18:1, in red blood cell membranes has been associated with sudden cardiac arrest. Abnormal heart rate variability (HRV) reflects autonomic dysfunction and predicts cardiac death. Relationships between TFA consumption and HRV remain understudied. We determined whether total TFA consumption, as well as trans-18:1 and trans-18:2 TFA consumption, was independently associated with HRV in 2 independent cohorts in the United States and Portugal.In 2 independent cohorts of older US adults (Cardiovascular Health Study [CHS], age 72±5 years, 1989/1995) and young Portuguese adults (Porto, age 19±2 years, 2008/2010), we assessed habitual TFA intake by food frequency questionnaires in CHS (separately estimating trans-18:1 and trans-18:2) and multiple 24-hour recalls in Porto (estimating total TFA only, which in a subset correlated with circulating trans-18:2 but not trans-18:1, suggesting that we captured the former). HRV was assessed using 24-hour Holters in CHS (n=1076) and repeated short-term (5-minute) ECGs in Porto (n=160). We used multivariate-adjusted linear regression to relate TFA consumption to HRV cross-sectionally (CHS, Porto) and longitudinally (CHS). In CHS, higher trans-18:2 consumption was associated with lower 24-hour SD of all normal-to-normal intervals both cross-sectionally (-12%; 95% CI, -19% to -6%; P=0.001) and longitudinally (-15%; 95% CI, -25% to -4%; P= 0.009) and lower 24-hour SD of 5-minute average N-N intervals and mean of the 5-minute SD of N-N intervals calculated over 24 hours (P<0.05 each). Higher trans-18:1 consumption in CHS was associated with more favorable 24-hour HRV in particular time-domain indices (24-hour SD of all normal-to-normal intervals, SD of 5-minute average N-N intervals, mean of the 5-minute SD of N-N intervals calculated over 24 hours; P<0.05 each). In Porto, each higher SD TFA consumption was associated with 4% lower 5-minute 24-hour SD of all normal-to-normal intervals (95% CI, -8% to -1%; P=0.04) and 7% lower 5-minute square root of the mean of the squares of successive N-N differences (95% CI, -13% to -1%; P=0.04).Trans-18:2 consumption is associated with specific, less favorable indices of HRV in both older and young adults. Trans-18:1 consumption is associated with more favorable HRV indices in older adults. Our results support the need to investigate potential HRV-related mechanisms, whereby trans-18:2 may increase arrhythmic risk.

SUBMITTER: Soares-Miranda L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3967844 | biostudies-literature | 2012 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Trans-fatty acid consumption and heart rate variability in 2 separate cohorts of older and younger adults.

Soares-Miranda Luisa L Stein Phyllis K PK Imamura Fumiaki F Sattelmair Jacob J Lemaitre Rozenn N RN Siscovick David S DS Mota Jorge J Mozaffarian Dariush D

Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology 20120706 4

<h4>Background</h4>Trans-fatty acid (TFA) consumption is associated with risk of coronary heart disease, and trans-18:2, but not trans-18:1, in red blood cell membranes has been associated with sudden cardiac arrest. Abnormal heart rate variability (HRV) reflects autonomic dysfunction and predicts cardiac death. Relationships between TFA consumption and HRV remain understudied. We determined whether total TFA consumption, as well as trans-18:1 and trans-18:2 TFA consumption, was independently as ...[more]

PMID: 22772898

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Project description:Background Congenital ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are considered to have benign long-term outcome when treated correctly in childhood. However, abnormal parameters are described in younger adults, including impaired heart rate variability (HRV). It is not known whether such abnormalities will deteriorate with age. Therefore, HRV and cardiac events, such as premature ventricular contraction, were evaluated in patients aged >40 years with congenital VSDs and compared with healthy peers. Methods and Results A total of 30 surgically closed VSDs (51±8 years, repair at median age 6.3 years with total range 1.4-54 years) with 30 healthy controls (52±9 years) and 30 small, unrepaired VSDs (55±12 years) with 30 controls (55±10 years) were all equipped with a Holter monitor for 24 hours. Compared with healthy peers, surgically closed patients had lower SD of the normal-to-normal (NN) interbeat interval (129±37 versus 168±38 ms; P<0.01), SD of the average NN intervals for each 5-minute segment of a 24-hour HRV recording (116±35 versus 149±35 ms; P<0.01) and 24-hour triangular index (31±9 versus 44±11; P<0.01). SD of the NN intervals, SD of the average NN intervals for each 5-minute segment of a 24-hour HRV recording, and triangular index were comparable between unrepaired VSDs and healthy peers. SD of the NN intervals was <100 ms in 22% of surgically closed and 10% of unrepaired VSDs, whereas controls were within normal ranges. A high number of premature ventricular contractions (>200 events) was registered in 57% of surgical patients compared with 3% of controls (P<0.01), and 53% of unrepaired VSDs compared with 10% in controls (P<0.01). Conclusions Adults aged >40 with congenital VSDs demonstrate impaired HRV, mainly among surgically closed VSDs. More than half demonstrated a high number of premature ventricular contractions. These novel findings could indicate long-term cardiovascular disturbances. This necessitates continuous follow-up of VSDs throughout adulthood.

Project description:Heart rate variability (HRV) is the variation of cardiac inter-beat intervals over time resulting largely from the interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. Individual differences in HRV are associated with emotion regulation, personality, psychopathology, cardiovascular health, and mortality. Previous studies have shown significant heritability of HRV measures. Here we extend genetic research on HRV by investigating sex differences in genetic underpinnings of HRV, the degree of genetic overlap among different measurement domains of HRV, and phenotypic and genetic relationships between HRV and the resting heart rate (HR). We performed electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings in a large population-representative sample of young adult twins (n=1060 individuals) and computed HRV measures from three domains: time, frequency, and nonlinear dynamics. Genetic and environmental influences on HRV measures were estimated using linear structural equation modeling of twin data. The results showed that variability of HRV and HR measures can be accounted for by additive genetic and non-shared environmental influences (AE model), with no evidence for significant shared environmental effects. Heritability estimates ranged from 47 to 64%, with little difference across HRV measurement domains. Genetic influences did not differ between genders for most variables except the square root of the mean squared differences between successive R-R intervals (RMSSD, higher heritability in males) and the ratio of low to high frequency power (LF/HF, distinct genetic factors operating in males and females). The results indicate high phenotypic and especially genetic correlations between HRV measures from different domains, suggesting that >90% of genetic influences are shared across measures. Finally, about 40% of genetic variance in HRV was shared with HR. In conclusion, both HR and HRV measures are highly heritable traits in the general population of young adults, with high degree of genetic overlap across different measurement domains.

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Trans-fatty acid consumption and heart rate variability in 2 separate cohorts of older and younger adults.

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Trans-fatty acid consumption and heart rate variability in 2 separate cohorts of older and younger adults.

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